What do ancient DNA from Australia and Asia show about how people left Africa?

"Genomic evidence supports the “long chronology” for the peopling of Sahul"

"Some have argued that human genetic, fossil, and archaeological data indicate one or more prior dispersals, possibly as early as 120 ka."

"Sahul, comprising Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea was colonized from Sunda, the enlarged southernmost extension of Eurasia, by anatomically modern Homo sapiens over 50,000 years ago."

"Pleistocene colonization of Sahul required watercraft to cross the perpetual island region of Wallacea, wherein populations adjusted to changing patterns of floral and faunal diversity."

"Ancient DNA and skeletal studies indicate that after colonization, Sahul was largely isolated from other populations."

"The earliest humans to inhabit Near Oceania, the islands northeast of New Guinea, arrived approximately 45,000 years ago."

"lends credence to the theory that the first humans entered Sahul around 60,000 years ago from parts of Southeast Asia."

"taking two separate routes: a northern route into New Guinea and a southern route into Australia from the ancient landmass of Sundaland."

"Recent archaeological and genetic data from both western and eastern parts of Eurasia and from Australia are starting to challenge that interpretation."

"Maybe even more surprising is that these groups had to cross up to 100 km of water to get to their new settlements—providing evidence of early seafaring ."

"In Southeast Asia, the oldest fossils are from the cave of Tam Pa Ling in Laos, and date to ~ 65-45 ka.29"

"This Perspective reviews the current evidence for a scenario where the MIS-5 dispersal encompassed a much greater geographic distribution and temporal duration."

"Their results point to two distinct migration routes: one moving southward from the Indonesian islands into present-day Australia and another traveling through the northern corridor, most likely through the Philippines, toward New Guinea."

"modeling of exposed MIS4 island chains suggests that the likely arrival points were the Bird's Head peninsula of West New Guinea and the northwest Sahul shelf."

"In Australia archaeological data indicates the presence of Homo sapiens by ~50 ka, with the earliest secure fossil evidence dating to ~45 ka."

"These two groups were part of a larger population that migrated out of Africa some 70,000 to 80,000 years ago."

"the preferred method in this study resulted in time ranges that coincide with the long chronology."

"Cumulatively these data demonstrate that Homo sapiens were in Southwest Asia by ~120 ka and Southeast Asia by ~50 ka."

"Genetic evidence suggests that these groups separated somewhere in South or Southeast Asia several thousand years before they moved further east."

"While the age of 50,000 years ago has been widely accepted since the 1990s, this latter estimate (of ca. 65,000 years ago) has, as of 2017, been questioned by some experts."

"The enhancement of the southern Asian fossil and archaeological records remain critical, alongside the application of more ancient DNA sequencing."

"Madjedbebe is the oldest known site showing the presence of humans in Australia."

"the new dataset supports a single major movement between 50,000 and 70,000 years ago."