Who did NSA's Shamrock and Minaret files list, and do they match Church's counts?
Research question: What do NSA's FOIA-released Operation Shamrock and Operation Minaret records list as targets, and do they match the Church Committee's named-person counts?
The records describe SHAMROCK as a telegram collection program and MINARET as a watch list 1. The 2013 MINARET release named Senator Howard Baker, Martin Luther King Jr., Whitney Young, Muhammad Ali, Tom Wicker, Jane Fonda, and Art Buchwald among the monitored people 619. Reports say MINARET reached over a thousand American citizens 2, and the watch lists named 1,650 U.S. citizens directly 18, though the 1,650 figure is a targeted list count and is not interchangeable with the roughly 75,000 Americans in NSA's broader Watch List files 21. The facts do not give the Church Committee's own named-person count, only that Church disclosed MINARET in 1975 9, so a direct match cannot be confirmed; the newest fact is dated September 2013 19.
Sources
"SHAMROCK (telegram collection), MINARET (the watch list), wireless wiretapping, ECHELON (satellite communications intercept), and USSID 18 (retention of information on U.S. persons)."Electronic Surveillance and the National Security Agency: From Shamrock to Snowden - Digital National Security Archive (DNSA) - LibGuides at ProQuest
"We know that MINARET was conducted by the NSA between 1967 and 1973, and that it targeted over a thousand American citizens."Files reveal names of Americans targeted by NSA during Vietnam War
"Over 5,925 foreigners and 1,690 organizations and US citizens were included on the Project MINARET watch lists. 1,650 U.S. citizens were targeted."Project MINARET
"the names of those targeted under the program were kept secret until Wednesday, when the project's target list was declassified by the US government. The declassification decision was sparked by a Freedom of Information Request filed by George Washington University's National Security Archive."Files reveal names of Americans targeted by NSA during Vietnam War
"c. October 1975. Confidential. Confirms that Operation Shamrock collected foreign communications from telegraph service companies."Electronic Surveillance and the National Security Agency: From Shamrock to Snowden - Digital National Security Archive (DNSA) - LibGuides at ProQuest
"Among those monitored were: U.S. Senator Howard Baker , Civil Rights Movement leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Whitney Young , boxer Muhammad Ali , New York Times journalist Tom Wicker , the actress Jane Fonda and Washington Post humor columnist Art Buchwald ."Project MINARET
"The newly declassified documents show that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was a major surveillance target of the government."Files reveal names of Americans targeted by NSA during Vietnam War
"c. October 1975. Provides background information on U.S. collection of telegraphs addressed to foreign governments from Western Union and other companies."Electronic Surveillance and the National Security Agency: From Shamrock to Snowden - Digital National Security Archive (DNSA) - LibGuides at ProQuest
"In 1975, Senator Frank Church , himself a target, chaired the Church Committee , which disclosed the program."Project MINARET
"the NSA tracked two prominent journalists: Washington Post columnist Art Buchwald, and Tom Wicker of The New York Times"Files reveal names of Americans targeted by NSA during Vietnam War
"There was no judicial oversight, and the project had no warrants for interception."Project MINARET
"the Agency intercepted the telephone calls of at least two US Senators: Republican Howard baker and Democrat Frank Chuch"Files reveal names of Americans targeted by NSA during Vietnam War
"gave assurances in December"internal histories of SHAMROCK
"Intercepted messages were disseminated to the FBI , CIA , Secret Service , Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD), and the Department of Defense"Project SHAMROCK
"about one-third of these 800 were from the narcotics list."internal histories of SHAMROCK
""probably the largest government interception program affecting Americans ever undertaken.""Project SHAMROCK
"At the height of Project SHAMROCK, 150,000 messages were printed and analyzed by NSA personnel in a month."Project SHAMROCK
"Between 1967 and 1973, MINARET’s watch lists named 1,650 US citizens directly, including Martin Luther King Jr, Muhammad Ali, and, in a detail that later became relevant, Senator Frank Church himself."Project SHAMROCK: The NSA Read Your Mail
"declassified the substantive identification of the principal watchlisted figures including King, Ali, Senator Church, Senator Baker, Tom Wicker, and Art Buchwald."Project MINARET
"The operation had a sister programme, Project MINARET, which used SHAMROCK’s raw intercepts to search for the communications of people on government watch lists."Project SHAMROCK: The NSA Read Your Mail
"That wider number describes the government’s general intelligence files rather than MINARET’s own targeted list, and it is worth reading with that distinction in mind rather than treating the two figures as interchangeable."Project SHAMROCK: The NSA Read Your Mail
"under which RCA Global, ITT World Communications, and Western Union International provided the agency with copies of all international telegrams entering and leaving the United States."Project MINARET
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