How and why did Israel start worshipping only Yahweh, dropping El and Asherah?

"The inscriptions provide insights into conceptions of the Israelite pantheon, divine theophany, and theomachy in early Israelian religious ideology."

"This article discusses whether 'srth in the phrase lyhwh ... wl'srth in inscriptions at Kuntillet 'Ajrud and Khirbet el-Qom refers to the goddess Asherah or her wooden symbol (here rendered "asherah")."

"Znaleziono tam pochodzące z VIII w. p.n.e. inskrypcje"

"Die Mescha-Stele (~840 v. Chr.) nennt JHWH als von Kemosch , dem Volksgott der Moabiter , besiegten Volksgott im Nordreich Israel , setzt dort also einen etablierten JHWH-Kult voraus."

"mogą stanowić dowód nie tylko na utrzymywanie się politeizmu wśród Izraelitów w okresie podzielonej monarchii"

"Inschriften aus dem 8. Jahrhundert v. Chr. aus Kuntillet ʿAdschrud im nordwestlichen Sinai nennen JHWH neben den Göttern El , Ba’al und Aschera , die anscheinend zu JHWH gehörte."

"The fact that the inscriptions contain explicitly religious themes led some to conclude that the site had a cultic function."

"Manfred Weippert vermutet, dass viele Reisende in Kuntillet ʿAdschrud Station machten und ihre jeweiligen Götter verehrten – so auch JHWH als Nationalgott Israels (bzw. Israels und Judas). Von einer monotheistischen JHWH-Verehrung lasse sich für die vorexilische Zeit also noch nicht sprechen."

"Ein außerisraelitischer JHWH-Kult ist unbelegt; dieser Name gehörte nicht zum traditionellen Pantheon der Region Kanaan ."

"Um den Alleinverehrungsanspruch JHWHs zu unterstreichen, wird im Deuteronomium das Gebot der Monolatrie in die legendäre Frühzeit verlegt und mit der Autorität des Mose verknüpft:"

"Im Alten Testament wird vielfach beschrieben, dass es im vorexilischen Israel (vor 597 v. Chr.) ausgeprägte Phasen der Polylatrie gab"

"bedeutet die Weiterentwicklung der Monolatrie zum Monotheismus die kategorische Bestreitung der Existenz anderer Götter."

"Take thy father’s bullock, and the second bullock of seven years old, and throw down the altar of Baal that thy father hath, and cut down the Asherah that is by it;"

"take the second bullock, and offer a burnt-offering with the wood of the Asherah which thou shalt cut down."

"Then the men of the city said unto Joash: ‘Bring out thy son, that he may die; because he hath broken down the altar of Baal, and because he hath cut down the Asherah that was by it.’"

"Will ye contend for Baal? or will ye save him? he that will contend for him, shall be put to death before morning; if he be a god, let him contend for himself, because one hath broken down his altar."

"Therefore on that day he was called Jerubbaal, saying: ‘Let Baal contend against him, because he hath broken down his altar.’"

"According to the psalmist, it is a feature of the only true God, which is the God of Israel, called upon to take power over the whole earth."

"This could point to the fact that the Deuteronomists—at least with regard to this pericope—were working from a Vorlage in which Manasseh was rega"

"Day notes that the sons of God (deriving from the Ugaritic bn 7) are clearly the sons of Yahweh in the OT, [and so] it follows that the sons of God were regarded as Asherah's offspring in syncretistic circles. Since the sons of God clearly correspond with the host of heaven (cf. Job 38:7). it appears that we may hold that the host of heaven were probably regarded as the offspring of Asherah' (1986"

"Furthermore, the inscriptions from Khirbet el-Qom (chapter 4) and Kuntillet 'Ajrud (chapter 5) definitely mention asherah in connection with Yahweh."

"Hóffken believes that the mention of Yahweh of Teman (and Yahweh of Samaria) here at 'Ajrud. together with the Hab. iii 3 passage, supports a ‘parcelling out’ ( Parzellierung) of Yahweh into a polyyahwistic context (1984, p. 89)."

"Thompson, T. L., "The Intellectual Matrix of Early Biblical Narrative: Inclusive Monotheism in Persian Period Palestine", in D. V. Edelman (ed.), The Triumph of Elohim: From Yahwisms to Judaisms (CBET 13; Kampen: Pharos, 1995) 107-124."

"Stern, E., "From Many Gods to the One God: The Archaeological Evidence", in R. G. Kratz – H. Spieckermann (eds.), One God – One Cult – One Nation: Archaeological and Biblical Perspectives . In collaboration with B. Corzilius and T. Pilger (BZAW 405; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010) 395-403."

"Smith, M. S., The Origins of Biblical Monotheism. Israel's Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001)."

"und Moses", in J. Assmann – H. Strohm (eds.), Echnaton und Zarathustra. Zur Genese und Dynamik des Monotheismus (Lindauer Symposien für Religionsforschung, 3; München: Fink, 2012) 13-39."

"Stroumsa, G. G., The Idea of Semitic Monotheism: The Rise and Fall of a Scholarly Myth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021)."

"This new view has emerged as a result of recent archaeological discoveries and a reassessment of the testimony of the biblical text."

"Because the name of the god El appears as the divine element in the name of IsraEL, it has been supposed that El was the original god of Israel"

"the Lord alone led them, there was no strange god with them."

"some evidence may point to El as the god associated with the Exodus from Egypt in some early biblical tradition."

"When the Most High divided the nations, when he separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the nations according to the number of the angels of God."

"They sacrificed to devils, and not to God; to gods whom they knew not: new and fresh [gods] came in, whom their fathers knew not."

"then he forsook the God that made him, and departed from God his Saviour."

"כִּ֗י אִם־בִּשְׁמֹנֶ֤ה עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יֹאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ נַעֲשָׂ֞ה הַפֶּ֧סַח הַזֶּ֛ה לַיהֹוָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃"