What happened to the ten lost tribes, and who claims to descend from them?

"The Ten Lost Tribes were those from the Twelve Tribes of Israel that were said to have been exiled from the Kingdom of Israel after it was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire around 720 BCE."

"Similarly, Israel’s exile was foretold by Jeremiah, who was both a prophet and a priest"

"The Lemba are a traditionally endogamous group speaking a variety of Bantu languages"

"Samaritans consider themselves to be descended from tribes of Ephraim and"

"while the ten tribes are beyond the Euphrates till now, and are an immense multitude."

"Lemba Y chromosomes are clearly divided into Semitic and Bantu clades"

"the traditional folklore of Kurdish Jews claims they are descended from the Ten Lost Tribes."

"Adherents suggested that the Scythians , Cimmerians , and Goths were representatives of these lost tribes, and the progenitors of the later invaders of Britain."

"Among the Pashtuns , there is a tradition of being descended from the exiled lost tribes of Israel."

"However, several modern day groups claim descent, with varying levels of academic and rabbinical support."

"They drew particular support from the derivation of the Scots from the Scythians found in the 1320 Declaration of Arbroath , [ 46 ]"

"The belief that the Pashtuns are descended from the lost tribes of Israel has never been substantiated by concrete historical evidence."

"The Samaritans claim that some of their adherents are descended from this tribe, and many Persian Jews claim to be descendants of Ephraim."

"They saw the same tribal name, left by the wanderers, in the Dar dan elles , the Dan ube , Mace don ia , Dun kirk , Dun glow in Ireland, Dun dee in Scotland, Swe den , and Lon don"

"Ethiopian Jews , also known as Beta Israel , claim descent from the Tribe of Dan, whose members migrated south along with members of the tribes of Gad , Asher , and Naphtali"

"Israeli Knesset member Ayoob Kara speculated that the Druze are descended from one of the Lost Tribes of Israel, probably Zevulun."

"In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away unto Assyria, and placed them in Halah, and in Habor, on the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes."

"So Israel was carried away out of their own land to Assyria, unto this day."

"עשרת השבטים אינן עתידין לחזור, שנאמר: "וישליכם אל ארץ אחרת כיום הזה" - מה היום הולך ואינו חוזר, אף הן הולכין ואינן חוזרין; דברי רבי עקיבה"

"אם היו מעשיהן כיום הזה – שהם ממשיכים לחטוא כמו שחטאו בשעה שגלו, - אינן חוזרין – לעתיד לבוא , ואם לאו – שהם שבים בתשובה, - חוזרין הן – לעתיד לבוא"

"In the twentieth century, some Zo groups embraced a Jewish connection narrative, identifying with the lost tribe of Manasseh."

"They began immigrating to Israel in the late 1980s with the help of an Israeli rabbi, undergoing formal conversions to Judaism upon arrival."

"A different organization took over their immigration process two decades ago but drew criticism from both the right — because the Bnei Menashe’s status as Jews was uncertain — and the left, who accused the government of bringing them to stoke settlement in the West Bank."

"Later, contested DNA reports from India suggested otherwise, but Israel's eventual recognition of the Bnei Menashe community was based on religious conversion rather than genetic proof."

"Alongside this, certain folktales recounts a Great Deluge and a confusion of tongues, paralleling stories of Noah and Babel."

"It con- tains the original exile of the tribes, their dispersal to ..."

"וַיִּ֨גֶל יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵעַ֤ל אַדְמָתוֹ֙ אַשּׁ֔וּרָה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃"

"Their children and their coming generations, by contrast, merit a portion in the land, and convey that right [to their descendants]."

"They call themselves "Bani Israil," and trace their descent from King Saul (Malik Taliit)"

"וַיָּבֵ֣א מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֡וּר מִבָּבֶ֡ל וּ֠מִכּ֠וּתָה וּמֵעַוָּ֤א וּמֵֽחֲמָת֙ וּסְפַרְוַ֔יִם וַיֹּ֙שֶׁב֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן תַּ֖חַת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל"

"According to the cabinet resolution approved at today’s government meeting, 1,200 members of the community will immigrate by the end of 2026"

"לֹ֣א נִשְׁאַ֔ר רַ֛ק שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃"

"וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּכׇל־חַטֹּ֥אות יָרׇבְעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה לֹא־סָ֖רוּ מִמֶּֽנָּה׃"