How would people make air and food for years, and land heavy gear safely?

"Precision nutrition provides the computational framework for individualized dietary regulation, while biomanufacturing offers the technical means to implement nutrient production within a closed-loop ecosystem."

"Удалось достичь полного замыкания системы по газу и воде, и до 80 % потребностей экипажа в пище."

"The analysis highlights the coupling of energy and material flows among astronauts, the integration of photosynthetic and heterotrophic bioreactors, and the incorporation of digital twins for predictive system regulation."

"Since the variety of crops is a relevant factor for long term food supply, a limit of the maximum growth area per crop was introduced to derive a diet with more variety, which resulted in a minimal area of 57.04 m² using drybean, rice, snap beans, sweet potato, wheat and white potato."

"with >75% recovery of oxygen from carbon dioxide and reduction in system mass/kg oxygen identified as target improvement metrics."

"Все растения — специальных сортов; в частности, использовалась карликовая пшеница с укороченным стеблем, выведенная профессором Г. М. Лисовским, что позволяло минимизировать объём несъедобной биомассы и обеспечивало урожайность в 200—300 ц/га."

"If a deviation in the macronutrient composition is allowed the required area can be reduced to 39.88 m² of wheat and white potatoes."

"Был достигнут 85 % уровень повторного использования воды."

"Despite progress, challenges remain in long-term reactor stability, biosafety governance, and multi-species co-culture control."

"The minimal area for the exact desired composition of macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats and proteins) was 106.86 m² using chard, lettuce, peanut, bell pepper, snap beans and spinach."

"Using OxEon’s flight-proven MOXIE technology for converting H2O + CO2 to H2 + CO and O2 as a baseline"

"Водоросли поглощали углекислый газ и вырабатывали кислород , однако использовать хлореллу в пищу не удалось."

"One major result of this analysis is that soybeans are not the most favorable crop with regard to protein and fat productivity and the focus of NASA crop selection for full nutrient supply on soybean results in exceedingly large required crop areas of 164.15 m²."

"Чуфа (среднеазиатская трава) выращивалась для производства растительного масла. Продукты животного происхождения применялись в виде консервов."

"the break-even time with the ISS ECLSS was calculated to 87.2 years. With more optimistic assumptions for the LED and using urine as nutrient supply this time can be reduced to 14.6 years."

"Still, for long-term space missions to the Moon, Mars, and other distant missions, which are the current research destinations, they must find a way to eat, such as by cultivating plants or finding other means of survival."

"Methane pyrolysis is an essential element for a closed-loop ECLS system that incorporates a Sabatier system, since this system converts carbon dioxide and hydrogen to methane and water, and the hydrogen value of the methane must be recovered to complete closure."

"This paper gives a brief overview of the AG, describes the detailed plant model of an oxygen generator/carbon dioxide reduction closed oxygen loop ECLSS, and provides a discussion of the results produced from various oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production load models."

"For short-term space missions, astronauts' food could be brought from earth."

"The hydrogen is required by the Sabatier reactor to completely convert the available carbon dioxide, and there are a number of re-use opportunities for the carbon."

"Scientists and researchers are attempting to develop novel food production technologies or systems that require minimal inputs while maximizing safe, nutritionally balanced, and delicious food outputs for long-duration space missions that could benefit people on earth."

"It is revealed that the standoff distance of the bow shock produced by SRP can be scaled to account for changes in thrust, mass flow rate, forebody size, gas composition and temperature within the high-thrust, steady flow regime."

"The system converted methane at a 1.45 SLPM scale to carbon and hydrogen with 50-80% conversion and >95% selectivity."

"It also involves current research, including space foods like 3D printing and space farming for a long-term space mission."

"The effects of temperature, and substrate design were important to obtaining reliable conversion."

"Attempts to purify air and grow foo"

"indeed, CELSS technology is most mature in recycling water and oxygen, the two resources that are abundant on the Moon."

"Material support of all manned space flights so far has been provided from a prestored stock of substances or replenished from the Earth's biosphere."

"This places a premium on developing CELSS that recycle other elements that are rarified on the Moon including C and N in particular but also other elements such as P, S and K which might be challenging to extract from local resources."

"The only known system to date meeting this requirement is the Earth's biosphere."

"We observe that the Moon possesses in-situ resources but that these resources are of limited value in closed ecological life support systems (CELSS)"

"Closure of the gas and water cycle were successful, but treatment of solid waste did not turn out to be cost effective given that food, mostly in the form of meat products, were still being introduced into the system."

"inwhichanoxygenproductionplantbasedonsolidoxideelectrolysis(SOEC)wasdeveloped,andfinallydemonstratedonMarsin2022and2023."

"sufficient oxygen to support a 70 kilogram human (Gitelson et al. 2003; Gitelson & Lisovsky 2008)."

"Human life-support systems based on biological regeneration of environments in small volumes have been studied at the Institute of Biophysics (Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) over many years. This work has resulted in the design of Bios-3, a biologically-based self-sustained human life support system."

"ISRU harnesses available resources on planetary bodies, significantly reducing reliance on supplies from Earth."

"Gitelson et al. (2003) also concluded that the recovery of elements from inedible plant biomass was of greater importance than that from human solid waste, as that would constitute a larger mass."

"propellantproductiononMarsoffersthemostpracticalnear-termadvanceinISRUwith significantdemonstrablebenefits"

"Testing of Bios-3 including human crews began in December 1972. Bios-3 was made up of four compartments, of equal size and hermetically sealed from each other, with a total volume of 315 cubic metres."

"Inbothcases,thepredominantinitial target would be to produce ascent propellants in situ, particularly oxygen."