What reasons did the French king give for ending the Templars in 1307?

"Philip used a disgruntled complaint against the Knights Templar as an excuse to move against the entire organization as it existed in France, in part to free himself from his debts."

"But Philip had a history of seizing property and persons when it suited his needs, such as from the Lombards in 1291 and the Jews in 1306."

"Philip used his ministers and agents Guillaume de Nogaret and Enguerrand de Marigny who collected a list of charges against the Templars."

"Deep in debt from his war with England, he had already squeezed France’s Jewish and Lombard lenders for cash, and the tax-exempt Templars, who answered only to the pope, were the next target."

"al networks and their special rights, which placed them directly under the Church, which Philip perceived as a threat."

"Philip had been embroiled in a bitter conflict with Pope Boniface VIII over the question of the division of power between the Church and the Crown."

"After Boniface's death and the election of the French Pope Clement V , Philip saw his opportunity to further extend his control over ecclesiastical affairs."

"The accusations: heresy, idolatry, violations of religious vows."

"The Templars were accused of serious offences, including heresy , blasphemy , idolatry , homosexual practices and financial corruption. These accusations were most likely contrived to mobilise public opinion against the order and secure ecclesiastical approval for its actions."

"Historians debate whether he also believed the heresy charges, but the money and the reach for royal control came first"

"The Templar suppression combines religious heresy charges with royal financial interests."

"Philip IV’s war on the Knights Templar began with a cash-strapped monarchy. The king engaged in expensive wars and faced perennial budget crunches, so he consistently looked for ways he could bring funds into the treasury."

"In France, where its lavish Paris headquarters was called the Temple, the Knights Templar drew the ire of King Philip IV , whose kingdom was mired in debt."

"They were a major banking network with estates, deposits, and administrative capabilities of their own."

"Philip IV seized on the sordid accusations as an opportunity to take down the order and steal their wealth."

"Philip had borrowed from large financiers and used arrests and seizures as a form of fiscal policy in the past, even targeting creditors."

"After the traditional Crusades to the Holy Land ended in 1291 , the Knights Templar grew incredibly wealthy from its vast landholdings and business across Europe, as well as tax-exempt status as a religious order."

"This included the Paris headquarters of the Order and its treasury, which stored money belonging to the monarch."

"France’s Philip IV may have been the prime instigator of the attack, but the inquisitors themselves were ultimately the men without whom the trials could not have taken place."

"France’s Dominican inquisitors had, by the fourteenth century, become closely integrated within the French government."

"In October 1307, King Philip IV of France ordered the arrest of Templars in his realm and advanced grave charges against them."

"Modern scholarship has examined both the allegations and the political, financial, and ecclesiastical interests surrounding the prosecution; the motives and evidentiary value of the proceedings remain a field of serious historical analysis (Barber ... , 2006)."

"Interrogations, confessions extracted under varying conditions, papal intervention, local inquiries, defense efforts, and political conflict continued for years. Pope Clement V eventually suppressed the Order in 1312."

"Philip began a propaganda campaign that aimed to strip the Templars of their moral standing."

"Templar leaders were arrested in a surprise raid and were accused of heresy, apostasy, devil worship, sexual perversion and a number of other sins against the mediaeval code of morality."

"The Templar leaders confessed under torture, and even though they later recanted, they were found guilty and many were burnt at the stake."

"The properties of the Templars were carefully inventoried, lands rented out, and the treasury taken over by royal officials."

"According to William Burgwinkle, the Templars had become a target of Phillip IV for their economic assets and for the debts the French crown owed the Templar Order."

"dans le royaume de Valence , les biens des deux ordres seraient fusionnés dans un nouvel ordre, nommé d’après sa principale forteresse, Montesa ."

"Ce nouvel ordre fut confirmé par la bulle Ad fructus uberes en date du 10 juin 1317 , la règle le 22 novembre et avec acceptation le 3 décembre 1317 , par le pape Jean XXII , qui lui donna, à l’instar des autres ordres militaires hispaniques, la règle cistercienne"