Do digital coin company reports change from 2026 to 2027 on pledged coins?
Research question: Across 2026 10-K and 10-Q filings from other digital-asset and tokenization filers, how do companies disclose collateral pledging, derecognition decisions and fair-value gains or losses, and do these disclosures change between 2026 and 2027?
Filers disclose pledging in specific terms: Pineapple reported about 7.3 million INJ tokens, worth roughly $47.7 million, pledged under its FalconX financing 1, and Lite Strategy reported LTC that is pledged as collateral within its digital assets receivable 3. On derecognition, Pineapple says it keeps recognizing pledged assets because it retains ownership and the transfers do not qualify for derecognition 4, while Lite Strategy derecognizes LTC when it is placed with GSR Markets to write covered call options 11. Fair-value results also vary: Pineapple recorded a net unrealized gain of $2,809,970 for the nine months ended May 31, 2026 8 and states its gains are non-cash until the assets are monetized 15, Forum Markets reported $12.8 million in digital asset losses for the six months ended June 30, 2026 27, and Securitize reported a $29,266,000 loss on its option liability and a $21,843,000 gain on its derivative liability in the second quarter of 2026 3435. The provided facts do not include any 2027 filings, so they cannot show whether these disclosures change between 2026 and 2027. The only forward-looking item is ESMA's call for evidence on tokenized collateral at EU central counterparties, with responses due January 15, 2027 and an assessment in the first quarter of 2027 40. The newest fact is dated October 9-10, 2026 3738.
Sources
"As of May 31, 2026, approximately 7,303,725 INJ tokens, with a carrying amount (fair value) of $ 47,719,617 , were pledged as collateral and are included within digital assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets."10-Q Pineapple Financial Inc. (PAPL) (CIK 0001938109) 2026-07-20
"Crypto assets received from customers is the Company’s obligation to return, such obligations are recorded under “collateral payables” at fair value. Changes in the fair value of this liability are recognized in net income."20-F Amber International Holding Ltd (AMBR) (CIK 0001697818) 2025-06-12
"Digital assets receivable, net, include LTC pledged as collateral and those unencumbered but residing with GSR."10-Q Lite Strategy, Inc. (LITS) (CIK 0001262104) 2026-05-13
"Although pledged as collateral, the Company retains ownership of these assets and continues to recognize them in the condensed consolidated balance sheets because the transfers do not qualify for derecognition."10-Q Pineapple Financial Inc. (PAPL) (CIK 0001938109) 2026-07-20
"The results show that tokenization significantly increases accounting discretion in fair value measurement"The effect of adopting tokenized assets on accounting discretion in fair value measurement under IFRS 9 and IFRS 13 (2026)
"The Group offsets these fair value adjustments against corresponding changes in “collateral receivables” where applicable, given the back-to-back nature of customer contracts and hedging arrangements."20-F Amber International Holding Ltd (AMBR) (CIK 0001697818) 2025-06-12
"ASC 350-60 does not address the initial measurement, recognition, and derecognition of crypto assets."10-Q Lite Strategy, Inc. (LITS) (CIK 0001262104) 2026-05-13
"For the nine months ended May 31, 2026, the Company recognized a net unrealized gain of $ 2,809,970 related to changes in the fair value of its digital assets."10-Q Pineapple Financial Inc. (PAPL) (CIK 0001938109) 2026-07-20
"Fair value measurement using the IFRS 13 Level 3 hierarchy also increases discretion"The effect of adopting tokenized assets on accounting discretion in fair value measurement under IFRS 9 and IFRS 13 (2026)
"The Company considers there are no significant “costs to sell” digital assets and hence measurement of digital assets is based on their fair values with changes in fair values recognized in profit or loss in the period of the changes."20-F Amber International Holding Ltd (AMBR) (CIK 0001697818) 2025-06-12
"Change in fair value of digital assets represents unrealized losses from the remeasurement of our LTC investments to their fair value, realized losses recognized upon derecognition of LTC digital assets when placing them as collateral with GSR Markets upon writing of Covered Call Options and realized losses on the sale of LTC digital assets."10-Q Lite Strategy, Inc. (LITS) (CIK 0001262104) 2026-05-13
"Digital assets are subsequently measured at fair value at each reporting date in accordance with ASC 350-60, with changes in fair value recognized within consolidated statements of operations in the period in which they occur."10-Q Pineapple Financial Inc. (PAPL) (CIK 0001938109) 2026-07-20
"Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the assets are derecognised or impaired, and through the amortisation process."20-F Amber International Holding Ltd (AMBR) (CIK 0001697818) 2025-06-12
"Realized loss upon transfer of digital assets as collateral"10-Q Lite Strategy, Inc. (LITS) (CIK 0001262104) 2026-05-13
"Fair value gains and losses are non-cash in nature unless and until the related digital assets are sold, exchanged, transferred or otherwise monetized."10-Q Pineapple Financial Inc. (PAPL) (CIK 0001938109) 2026-07-20
"The fair value of the put and call option is measured on a recurring basis by referencing to the spot price of underlying digital assets, which the Group considers to be a Level 2 fair value input."20-F Amber International Holding Ltd (AMBR) (CIK 0001697818) 2025-06-12
"primarily associated with the change in fair value of digital assets receivable, net, realized and unrealized losses on LTC pledged for Covered Call Options partially offset by a gain on derivative liabilities during the current period"10-Q Lite Strategy, Inc. (LITS) (CIK 0001262104) 2026-05-13
"The Group enters into structured product arrangements with customers that require the customers to pledge crypto assets as collateral."6-K Amber International Holding Ltd (AMBR) (CIK 0001697818) 2025-09-10
"Crypto assets pledged as collateral are initially measured at fair value on the date of receipt and subsequently re-measured at each reporting date, with changes in fair value recognized in the financial statements."6-K Amber International Holding Ltd (AMBR) (CIK 0001697818) 2025-09-10
"Changes in the fair value of this liability are recognized in net income. The Group offsets these fair value adjustments against corresponding changes in “collateral receivables” where applicable, given the back-to-back nature of customer contracts and hedging arrangements."6-K Amber International Holding Ltd (AMBR) (CIK 0001697818) 2025-09-10
"The Group considers there are no significant “costs to sell” digital assets and hence measurement of digital assets is based on their fair values with changes in fair values recognized in profit or loss in the period of the changes."6-K Amber International Holding Ltd (AMBR) (CIK 0001697818) 2025-09-10
"Digital asset gains for the three months ended March 31, 2026 were $6.3 million, primarily reflecting approximately $124.6 million of unrealized losses resulting from changes in market prices of ETH and liquid staking incentive tokens held during the period, partially offset by approximately $118.2 million of realized gains recognized upon the sale, transfer, or redeployment of ETH."10-Q FORUM MARKETS Inc (FRMM) (CIK 0001690080) 2026-05-15
"The change in fair value of the long-term receivable derivative for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $48.6 million, primarily driven by changes i"10-Q FORUM MARKETS Inc (FRMM) (CIK 0001690080) 2026-05-15
"Change in fair value of available-for-sale securities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $0.1 million, reflecting unrealized gains and losses resulting from changes in market prices of equity investment securities acquired during the period."10-Q FORUM MARKETS Inc (FRMM) (CIK 0001690080) 2026-05-15
"Change in Fair Value of Derivative Instruments consists of net realized and unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s ETH-denominated derivative instruments. Gains and losses arise from changes in market prices and changes in fair value and settlement of the instruments, as applicable."10-Q FORUM MARKETS Inc (FRMM) (CIK 0001690080) 2026-05-15
"Digital asset gains and losses consist of realized and unrealized gains and losses on ETH and liquid staking incentive tokens held by the Company."10-Q FORUM MARKETS Inc (FRMM) (CIK 0001690080) 2026-05-15
"Digital asset losses for the six months ended June 30, 2026 were $12.8 million, primarily reflecting approximately $124.6 million of realized losses recognized upon the sale, transfer, or redeployment of ETH, partially offset by approximately $111.8 million of unrealized gains resulting from changes in market prices of ETH and liquid staking incentive tokens held during the period."10-Q FORUM MARKETS Inc (FRMM) (CIK 0001690080) 2026-08-14
"The change in fair value of the long-term receivable derivative for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was $48.6 million, primarily driven by changes in the market price of ETH, the accrual of staking rewards under liquid staking arrangements, and changes in the quantity of assets deployed in such protocols during the period."10-Q FORUM MARKETS Inc (FRMM) (CIK 0001690080) 2026-08-14
"Interest expense consists of interest incurred on outstanding debt obligations, primarily the Equities First loan and the Aave loan."10-Q FORUM MARKETS Inc (FRMM) (CIK 0001690080) 2026-08-14
"Other expense consists primarily of the reversal of previously recognized reward revenue associated with protocol-based incentive arrangements."10-Q FORUM MARKETS Inc (FRMM) (CIK 0001690080) 2026-08-14
"Change in Fair Value of Derivative Instruments consists of net realized and unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s ETH-denominated derivative instruments."10-Q FORUM MARKETS Inc (FRMM) (CIK 0001690080) 2026-08-14
"Loss on digital assets held for investment, net (512,615) — n/m"8-K Securitize Corp. (SECZ) (CIK 0002094496) 2026-08-12
"Loss on digital assets from operations, net 82,705 259,910 (68)%"8-K Securitize Corp. (SECZ) (CIK 0002094496) 2026-08-12
"Change in fair value of option liability (29,266,000) (977,000) (2,895)%"8-K Securitize Corp. (SECZ) (CIK 0002094496) 2026-08-12
"Change in fair value of derivative liability 21,843,000 (2,754,000) 893%"8-K Securitize Corp. (SECZ) (CIK 0002094496) 2026-08-12
"Loss on digital assets held for investment, net 1,433,082 —"8-K Securitize Corp. (SECZ) (CIK 0002094496) 2026-08-12
"“Collateral must be of high quality, legally enforceable, highly liquid, and easily operationally available,” he said, “including in stressed conditions and following a clearing member default.”"ESMA Reviews Tokenized Collateral for EU Central Clearing
"The European Securities and Markets Authority is seeking industry input on the legal, operational and liquidity risks of tokenized collateral at EU central counterparties (CCPs). The call for evidence, published on Oct. 9, explores whether using distributed ledger technology changes how eligible assets are moved, protected and realized, and whether existing EU rules remain adequate."ESMA seeks feedback on tokenized collateral at EU clearing houses
"ESMA has outlined four risks associated with tokenized collateral, including uncertainty over legal ownership, challenges managing collateral during defaults, liquidity and concentration risks, and vulnerabilities involving cybersecurity and interoperability."ESMA seeks feedback on tokenized collateral at EU clearing houses
"Stakeholders have until Jan. 15, 2027, to respond, after which ESMA will assess the submissions in the first quarter of 2027 and determine whether further regulatory measures are warranted."ESMA seeks feedback on tokenized collateral at EU clearing houses
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