Are seed oil and 'toxic food' claims online true, and who can I trust?

"Future studies are needed to address lack of standardized methods in UPF categorization."

"riskofall-causemortalityinfivestudies(riskratio(RR)1·25,95%CI1·14,1·37;P<0·00001),increasedriskofCVDinthreestudies"

"Inclusion of these recovered data in an updated meta-analysis of linoleic acid intervention trials showed non-significant trends toward increased risks of death from coronary heart disease (hazard ratio 1.33 (0.99 to 1.79); P=0.06)"

"althoughinalimitednumberofstudies,withaworse"

"Based on data obtained from 36 articles containing over 4,300 participants, dietary intake of LA was not associated with serum or plasma phospholipid levels of arachidonic acid."

"When dietary LA levels were increased up to six-fold, no significant changes in arachidonic acid levels were observed."

"Given the mounting evidence indicating adulterated fats, predominantly hydrogenated oils, commonly known as trans fats, are atherogenic"

"Consumption of UPFs represented up to 80% of total caloric intake in the US and Canada, with confectionery and sugar-sweetened beverages being the most consumed items."

"Increased UPF intake correlated with an increase in free sugars, total fats, and saturated fats, as well as a decrease in fiber, protein, potassium, zinc, and magnesium, and vitamins A, C, D, E, B12, and niacin."

"When considered in relation to other food groups, an inverse linear relation between UPFs and less-processed foods was evident."

"convincing evidence (class I) supported direct associations between greater ultra-processed food exposure and higher risks of incident cardiovascular disease related mortality (risk ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.37 to 1.63; GRADE=very low)"

"type 2 diabetes (dose-response risk ratio 1.12, 1.11 to 1.13; moderate)"

"higher risks of prevalent anxiety outcomes (odds ratio 1.48, 1.37 to 1.59; low)"

"obesity (odds ratio 1.55, 1.36 to 1.77; low)"

"heart disease related mortality (hazard ratio 1.66, 1.51 to 1.84; low)"

"ecological studies showing a positive correlation between inflammatory bowel disease and emulsifier consumption"

"cell and animal studies have demonstrated plausible mechanisms by which dietary emulsifiers may contribute to IBD pathogenesis through mechanisms including: promotion of pro-inflammatory intestinal microbiota"

"disruption of mucus architecture; increased intestinal permeability"

"activation of inflammatory pathways; and disruption of the cell cycle"

"CMC consumption modestly increased postprandial abdominal discomfort and perturbed gut microbiota composition in a way that reduced its diversity. Moreover, CMC-fed subjects exhibited changes in the fecal metabolome, particularly reductions in short-chain fatty acids and free amino acids."

"we identified 2 subjects consuming CMC who exhibited increased microbiota encroachment into the normally sterile inner mucus layer, a central feature of gut inflammation, as well as stark alterations in microbiota composition."

"These results support the notion that the broad use of CMC in processed foods may be contributing to increased prevalence of an array of chronic inflammatory diseases by altering the gut microbiome and metabolome"

"UPFs, characterized by a high content of synthetic additives and emulsifiers, and low fiber content, are associated with a decrease in microbial diversity, lower levels of beneficial bacteria like Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and an increase in pro-inflammatory microorganisms."

"These alterations in the microbial community contribute to persistent inflammation, which is associated with various chronic disorders including metabolic syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and colorectal cancer."

"In the United States, UPF accounts for more than 50% of calories consumed by children and adults [3–5] raising concerns about the potential impact on human health."

"percentage weight loss was greater on the MPF-versus-UPF diet (−2.06% versus −1.05%, P = 0.024), amounting to a ~1-kg difference."

"with significantly greater %WC on MPF (Δ%WC, −1.01 (95% CI, −1.87, −0.14), P = 0.024; Cohen’s d, −0.48 (95% CI, −0.91, −0.06))."

"Epidemiological studies have linked UPF consumption to risk factors for chronic disease, such as weight gain and obesity [6–9]"

"The authors proposed that these data extrapolate at 1 year to 9–13% versus 4–5% weight loss, respectively."

"higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06–1.14)"

"defined as ready-to-eat or ready-to-heat, edible, industrially manufactured products made mostly or entirely from ingredients extracted from whole foods and often containing food substances of no or rare culinary use and/or cosmetic additives [1]"

"Observational evidence shows higher intake of LA is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease."

"Limitations: Study participants were older US adults whose diets may vary from other populations."

"Although extensive observational data link consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF; as defined by the Nova classification system) to obesity and other chronic health conditions, few interventional studies on this question have been conducted."

"D.S.L. received royalties for books on obesity and nutrition."

"a significantly lower mortality risk than those with the lowest HEI-2015 scores"

"was positively linked to all-cause mortality and circulatory system"

"yet low in fiber and vitamins, thereby compromising dietary quality (3)."

"Examination of observational evidence based on subclassification into seed oil surrogate components of PUFA, n-6, or LA also does not convincingly support a relationship with cancer"

"Nearly 90% of dietary PUFA comprise the essential omega-6 (n-6) fatty acid linoleic acid (LA)"