How have rules on MSG, aspartame, and dyes changed, and what tests caused it?

"In the EU, it can take 10 years or more to obtain approval for a new food additive. This includes five years of safety testing, followed by two years for evaluation by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and another three years before the additive receives an EU-wide approval for use in every country in the European Union."

"Initiating the process to revoke authorization for two synthetic food colorings—Citrus Red No. 2 and Orange B—within the coming months."

"On April 22, 2025, the FDA and the Department of Health and Human Services announced a plan to remove six petroleum-based synthetic dyes from the U.S. food supply by the end of 2026: Red 40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 1, Blue 2, and Green 3."

"On April 22, 2025, Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Robert Kennedy, Jr. announced the agency’s plan to “phase out” petroleum-based synthetic color additives."

"ADI-Wert: Der ADI-Wert ( englisch Acceptable Daily Intake ‚ erlaubte Tagesdosis ‘ , ETD), beschreibt die täglich tolerierbare Aufnahmemenge von Nahrungsmittelzusatzstoffen für den menschlichen Körper in Milligramm pro Kilogramm Körpergewicht (mg/kg) und gibt die Menge an, die über die gesamte Lebenszeit täglich gegessen werden kann, ohne dass dadurch gesundheitliche Gefahren zu erwarten wären."

"Working with industry to eliminate six remaining synthetic dyes —FD&C Green No. 3, FD&C Red No. 40, FD&C Yellow No. 5, FD&C Yellow No. 6, FD&C Blue No. 1, and FD&C Blue No. 2—from the food supply by the end of next year."

"This isn’t a ban of those six dyes, however, but a request."

"There are currently nine synthetic dyes that might be found in food today, and this initiative aims to phase all nine out of the food supply by the end of 2026."

"Süßstoff, etwa 200-mal süßer als Haushaltszucker (Saccharose), verliert die Süßkraft jedoch bei großer Hitze und in Gegenwart von Säuren."

"Requesting food companies to remove FD&C Red No. 3 sooner than the 2027-2028 deadline previously required."

"The FDA formally revoked its authorization in food, citing the Delaney Clause, with a compliance date of January 2027"

"Citrus Red 2 and Orange B , two rarely used dyes, are also being revoked"

"Specifically, a 2011 Food Advisory Committee concluded that no link between children’s consumption of synthetic dyes and adverse behavior effects had been established."

"Partnering with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to conduct comprehensive research on how food additives impact children’s health and development."

"the totality of scientific evidence shows that most children have no adverse effects when consuming foods containing color additives, but some evidence suggests that certain children may be sensitive to them."

"In 2007, researchers at the University of Southampton published a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in The Lancet testing mixtures of six artificial food dyes"

"The study found a statistically significant increase in hyperactive behavior in children given the dye mixtures, compared to a placebo group — even in children without a diagnosed condition like ADHD."

"The result was influential enough that the UK's Food Standards Agency advised parents to avoid the six dyes, the EU mandated warning labels on any food containing them (Regulation EC 1333/2008)"

"On April 22, 2025, the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the FDA announced they were urging food manufacturers to stop using artificial dyes and switch to natural alternatives."

"Phase out six synthetic dyes—FD&C Green No. 3, Red No. 40, Yellow No. 5, Yellow No. 6, Blue No. 1 and Blue No. 2—by the end of 2026"

"in April 2025, HHS and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a plan to phase out six petroleum-based synthetic dyes"

"After animal studies completed in the 1980s revealed that Red 3 causes thyroid cancer in rats, in 1990 the FDA banned the dye in topical drugs but not from the food supply or other oral products."

"That announcement came a few months after the FDA announced a ban on Red Dye No. 3 in food."

"Request earlier removal of FD&C Red No. 3, previously slated for phase-out by 2027–2028"

"concluded that synthetic food dyes "can result in hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral problems in some children, and that children vary in their sensitivity to synthetic food dyes.""

"concluded that the seven most widely used synthetic food dyes—Blue 1, Blue 2, Green 3, Red 3, Red 40, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6—can cause or exacerbate neurobehavioral problems in some children."

"and Orange B (which has not been used in food since 1978)."

"These compounds offer no nutritional benefit and pose measurable risks to children’s health."

"OEHHA also noted that the FDA's acceptable daily intake levels are based on studies 35 to 70 years old that were never designed to detect these effects."

"OEHHA determined that the safe intake levels set by the FDA for synthetic food dyes may not sufficiently protect children because the animal studies the FDA used to set these levels were not designed for—or even capable of—detecting neurobehavioral impacts."

"It also said the FDA was working with the industry to eliminate six other synthetic dyes by the end of 2026 (later updated to 2027 ): FD&C Green No. 3, Red No. 40, Yellow No. 5 and 6, and Blue No. 1 and 2. But so far, it has not used its authority to revoke authorization for any of these."

"It is important to note that this action is a request to the industry, and something that the industry currently does not have to comply with."

"A frequently referenced study published in The Lancet in 2007 found that mixtures of artificial colors and a preservative increased hyperactivity in children"

"the FDA under the Biden administration granting CSPI's petition by announcing a federal ban on Red 3 in foods and oral drugs, set to take effect in January 2027 for food and 2028 for drugs."

"Instead, last year, the FDA called on food manufacturers to voluntarily phase them out of their products."

"The FDA is working with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to expand research into the potential health effects of food additives, particularly in children."

"Since 2010, the EU has instead required foods containing certain dyes to carry a warning label"

"食品添加物（グルタミン酸ナトリウム）の使用に関する指導の徹底について 昭和47年4月25日 環食第255号、厚生労働省"

"The Chinese Restaurant Syndrome: An anecdote revisited"

"outcome of a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study"