Why did Paul and Christians quote 'Esau I hated,' and how was it read?

"As it is written, Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated."

"Hosea and Isaiah do not stand alone but extend and subvert the pattern of the chosen and rejected sons that Paul finds in Genesis."

"The concept of God’s foreknowledge of human acts no longer sufficed to understand the diverse fates of the twins Esau and Jacob."

"[13] ⸀καθὼς γέγραπται· Τὸν Ἰακὼβ ἠγάπησα, τὸν δὲ Ἠσαῦ ἐμίσησα."

"For [the children] being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth;"

"The pentateuchal texts elucidating the election of the patriarchs (9:7, 9, 12) and the prophetic quotations vindicating God's inclusive call (9:25-29) are connected to each other by several links."

"Especially his Ad Simplicianum documents “a veritable revolution in his theology” towards a fully developed doctrine of grace."

"μήπω γὰρ γεννηθέντων μηδὲ πραξάντων τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ ⸀φαῦλον, ἵνα ἡ κατ’ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις τοῦ θεοῦ μένῃ, [12] οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἀλλ’ ἐκ τοῦ καλοῦντος"

"So then [it is] not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy."

"First, Paul reads Gentiles into Hosea by typologically identifying them with Abraham's excluded children."

"Personal explorations into St. Paul’s letter to the Romans and written questions from Simplician of Milan prompted him to write on Chapter 9."

"[14] Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν; μὴ ἀδικία παρὰ τῷ θεῷ; μὴ γένοιτο· [15] τῷ ⸂Μωϋσεῖ γὰρ⸃ λέγει· Ἐλεήσω ὃν ἂν ἐλεῶ, καὶ οἰκτιρήσω ὃν ἂν οἰκτίρω."

"What shall we say then? [Is there] unrighteousness with God? God forbid."

"It enables Paul to view Israel as simultaneously chosen and rejected by God."

"[16] ἄρα οὖν οὐ τοῦ θέλοντος οὐδὲ τοῦ τρέχοντος ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐλεῶντος θεοῦ. [17] λέγει γὰρ ἡ γραφὴ τῷ Φαραὼ ὅτι Εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἐξήγειρά σε ὅπως ἐνδείξωμαι ἐν σοὶ τὴν δύναμίν μου, καὶ ὅπως διαγγελῇ τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ. [18] ἄρα οὖν ὃν θέλει ἐλεεῖ, ὃν δὲ θέλει σκληρύνει."

"And when the apostle said this, he was illustrating the grace of God , in connection with which he had just spoken of the twins in the womb of Rebecca, who being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of Him that calls, it was said to her, The elder shall serve the younger. And in reference to this matter he q"

"Was not Esau Jacob's brother? saith the Lord: yet I loved Jacob"

"[21] ἢ οὐκ ἔχει ἐξουσίαν ὁ κεραμεὺς τοῦ πηλοῦ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ φυράματος ποιῆσαι ὃ μὲν εἰς τιμὴν σκεῦος ὃ δὲ εἰς ἀτιμίαν;"

"Now, if the apostle had wished us to understand that there were future good works of the one, and evil works of the other, which of course God foreknew, he would never have said, not of works, but, of future works, and in that way would have solved the difficulty"

"and hated Esau, and laid waste his borders, and made his heritage as dwellings of the wilderness?"

"Thus both the twins were born children of wrath , not on account of any works of their own, but because they were bound in the fetters of that original condemnation which came through Adam."

"they shall be called The borders of wickedness, and, The people against whom the Lord has set himself for ever."

"But He who said, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, loved Jacob of His undeserved grace , and hated Esau of His deserved judgment."

"הֲלוֹא־אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְיַֽעֲקֹב֙ נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֔ה וָאֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב׃"

"due to its citation of Malachi 1 (“Jacob I have loved, Esau I have hated”88), as well as its references to Pharaoh."

"The choice of love for Jacob is solely based upon divine mercy, while the choice to hate Esau is solely based upon divine justice."

"As he moves to discuss Romans 9:6 and following, Lefèvre discusses the history of the patriarchs leading up to Jacob and Esau."

"This passage, Pucci rightly noted, had been used as a “secure foundation to prove this hatred of God ab aeterno.”"

"Expounding the text’s meaning, he argued that once again it did not refer to individual brothers, but “without doubt it speaks of the two nations.”"

"First, they confused the individual brothers with the tribes that they had respectively founded."

"Nach einer Übersicht über die Substitutionstheorie in Geschichte und Gegenwart wird die bleibende Erwählung Israels nach Röm 9-11 exegetisch begründet."