Were Edom and Seir real peoples, and how are they tied to Esau?

"אֵ֤לֶּה בְנֵֽי־שֵׂעִיר֙ הַחֹרִ֔י יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ"

"ויהיו בני אליפז תימן אומר צפו וגעתם וקנז"

"אֵ֣לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֧י הַחֹרִ֛י בְּנֵ֥י שֵׂעִ֖יר בְּאֶ֥רֶץ אֱדֽוֹם׃"

"ותמנע היתה פילגש לאליפז בן עשו ותלד"

"וַיִּהְי֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י אֱלִיפָ֑ז תֵּימָ֣ן אוֹמָ֔ר צְפ֥וֹ וְגַעְתָּ֖ם וּקְנַֽז׃"

"אֵ֣לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֤י אֱלִיפַז֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֱד֔וֹם אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י עָדָֽה׃"

"וַתֵּ֥לֶד לֶאֱלִיפַ֖ז אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֑ק"

"A possibly cultic building was excavated at Buseirah, which is ancient Bozrah, the main city of the Edomites in the 7th and 6th centuries BCE."

"אֵ֣לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֧י הַחֹרִ֛י לְאַלֻּפֵיהֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ שֵׂעִֽיר׃"

"Beit-Arieh , I. ( 1995 a). Horvat Qitmit: An Edomite Shrine in the Biblical Negev , Tel Aviv : Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University ."

"אֵ֚לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י עֵשָׂ֔ו אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֻלְּדוּ־ל֖וֹ בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃"

"But what was the situation across the River Jordan, where the kingdoms of Ammon, Moab and Edom were flourishing?"

"Nonetheless several cultic complexes have been unearthed: three in the Jordan Valley (part of ancient Ammon), four in Moab, and one in Edom."

"The excavator interpreted the complex as a temple though no objects were found in the building to corroborate this."

"However, none of the parallels fits neatly and the lack of cultic objects indicates that another interpretation is possible."

"Early Edom owes its success to the shortage of copper in the Near Eastern markets and the ability of its population to develop the copper mines in the Arabah."

"They established a polity whose centre was at Tel Masos and economic engine was at Khirbet en-Nahas in the Arabah."

"The turn in relations took place in the 8th century BCE, when the Edomites established their centres on the plateau, east of the Arabah, which guaranteed them security and enabled them to develop their kingdom out of the reach of their western neighbour."

"Iron Age Edom, located in modern southern Jordan and the south‐east corner of the State of Israel."

"local elites managed a fractious polity consisting of unstable segmentary identities"

"The context of the inscription is clear: a registration of amounts of one or more unknown commodities, with certain amounts described as ‘diminished.’"

"Situated south of the Dead Sea, near the famous Nabatean capital of Petra, the Faynan region in Jordan contains the largest deposits of copper ore in the southern Levant."

"Using innovative digital tools for data recording, curation, analyses, and dissemination, the researchers focused on ancient mining and metallurgy as the subject of surveys and excavations related to the Iron Age (ca. 1200-500 BCE), when the first local, historical state-level societies appeared in this part of the eastern Mediterranean basin."

"Excavations and radiometric dating establish a new chronology for Edom, adding almost 500 more years to the Iron Age, including key periods of biblical history when David, Solomon, and the Egyptian pharaoh Shoshenq I are alleged to have interacted with Edom."

"To be clear, the biblical accounts consistently affirm that the nation of Edom (the descendants of Esau) occupied the eastern side of the Arabah and even had their own rulers before the Israelites had kings (Genesis 36), as shown on this map."

"τὸν δὲ Ἠσαῦ ἐμίσησα, καὶ ἔταξα τὰ ὅρια αὐτοῦ εἰς ἀφανισμὸν, καὶ τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ εἰς δώματα ἐρήμου"

"Chapter 4 begins the critique of the key ideas and assumptions that underpin 'Edomite' archaeology by demonstrating that the individual historical sources used as evidence when discussing the 'Edomites' are not simply sources of factual information about the Iron Age."

"Τάδε λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τῇ Ἰδουμαίᾳ, ἀκοὴν ἤκουσα παρὰ Κυρίου, καὶ περιοχὴν εἰς τὰ ἔθνη ἐξαπέστειλεν· ἀνάστητε, καὶ ἐξαναστῶμεν ἐπʼ αὐτὴν εἰς πόλεμον."

"Ὅτι ἐγὼ κατέσυρα τὸν Ἡσαῦ, ἀνεκάλυψα τὰ κρυπτὰ αὐτῶν, κρυβῆναι οὐ μὴ δύνωνται, ὤλοντο διὰ χεῖρα ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, γείτονός μου"

"Διότι ἐρεῖ, ἡ Ἰδουμαία κατέστραπται, καὶ ἐπιστρέψωμεν, καὶ ἀνοικοδομήσωμεν τὰς ἐρήμους·"

"Chapter 6 completes the critique of the central ideas that form the basis of 'Edomite' archaeology by discussing the central tenets of archaeological theory concerning the relationship between material culture and identity that are required to support this idea."

"ἀπολῶ σοφους ἐκ τῆς Ἰδουμαίας, καὶ σύνεσιν ἐξ ὄρους Ἡσαῦ."

"ΤΗ ἸΔΟΥΜΑΙΑ, τάδε λέγει Κύριος"

"καὶ ἐπικληθήσεται αὐτοῖς ὅρια ἀνομίας, καὶ λαὸς ἐφʼ ὃν παρατέτακται Κύριος ἕως αἰῶνος."

"Καὶ πτοηθήσονται οἱ μαχηταί σου οἱ ἐκ Θαιμὰν, ὅπως ἐξαρθῇ ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὄρους Ἡσαῦ."

"New Insights into the Iron Age Archaeology of Edom, Southern Jordan"

"οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι σοφία ἐν Θαιμὰν, ἀπώλετο βουλὴ ἐκ συνετῶν, ᾤχετο σοφία αὐτῶν, ἠπατήθη ὁ τόπος αὐτῶν"

"Διὰ τὴν σφαγὴν, καὶ τὴν ἀσέβειαν ἀδελφοῦ σου Ἰακὼβ, καλύψει σε αἰσχύνη, καὶ ἐξαρθήσῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα."

"Πῶς ἐξηρευνήθη Ἡσαῦ, καὶ κατελήφθη τὰ κεκρυμμένα αὐτοῦ;"

"βαθύνατε εἰς κάθισιν οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν Δαιδὰμ"