Do we have proof of non-white stories that Cajun history often leaves out?

"The African American Heritage Foundation, founded by Je'Nelle Chargois, serves a mission to preserve Black History and Creole history throughout Acadiana"

"Creoles of color helped produce the historic cultural pattern of unique literature, art, music, architecture, and cuisine that is seen in New Orleans."

"This Cajun ethnic group developed when Acadian hunters, trappers, and fishermen intermarried with Indians and Black people."

"serves a mission to preserve Black History and Creole history throughout Acadiana"

"With Plessy v. Ferguson and the beginning of legal segregation in 1896, Creoles of color became disenfranchised in Louisiana and other southern states."

"Black Louisiana Frenchmen have historically self-identified as Cajun, using the term in regards to the ethnicity of the Cajun Country and the language they speak."

"For example, Amédé Ardoin only spoke Cajun French and, at his height, was known as the first Black Cajun recording artist."

"The importation of enslaved people by the French regime continued until 1743."

"The reclassification of Creoles of color as black prompted the second migratory wave of Creoles of color between 1920 and 1940."

"Similarly, Clifton Chenier the King of Zydeco , routinely self-identified as a Black Cajun:"

"Today it is spoken by people who may racially identify as Black , mixed , White and Native American , as well as Cajun and Creole , making it important to distinguish between the Louisiana Creole language and Louisiana Creole identity."

"Brandon Moreau, a Cajun of Basile, Louisiana , described Cajun as an "inclusive term designating region, descent, or heritage – not race.""

"proposed the term "Plantation Society French" to describe a version of French which he associated with plantation owners, plantation overseers, small landowners, military officers/soldiers and bilingual, free people of color"

"Across the cultural region designated “Acadiana,” which comprises 22 counties, nearly 30% of the population is black (or Creole, mixed-race peoples ge..."

"Most of the research done on the Louisiana Creole community has concentrated on the vocabulary and folklore of Creole French."

"First, in the 1790s, the slave population of Louisiana became “re-Africanized” as thousands of African-born slaves were shipped to the colony for the first time in several decades."

"Although many Creoles reject Cajun sociocultural dominance reflected in the naming of the Region, there is no doubt that Cajuns and rural Black Creoles (outside New Orleans ) have interacted culturally to a great degree as evidenced in Cajun/Creole music, food, and language."

"Using the Catholic Church to incorporate these new arrivals, many of whom were Congolese, into their communities, enslaved people in Louisiana navigated this internal challenge"

"Creoles in Louisiana today are still cognizant of the historical meaning attached to the term, but are also participating in the more general movement toward ethnic and racial pride, and are therefore largely identifying as African-American, while still showing some residual pride in Creole heritage"

"Second, with the close of the trans-atlantic slave trade in 1808, Louisiana’s slave population entered its second period of creolization."

"but modern population studies do not specifically identify Black Creoles."

"In the end, slaves in Louisiana minimized African ethnic differences so much that the long-held goal of whites— establishing a biracial hierarchy that equated race with slavery— was fulfilled."

"Judging from the identification of Black population in these parishes, probably one-third of the French speakers are Black Creoles."

"Whites in Lafayette had addressed this alleged problem by forming “Vigilance Committees” starting in March 1859."

"Creole and Cajun language use do not correlate to ethnicity on an exact basis. Further, the long-term interaction with and dominance of Cajun French, as well as the larger assimilative tendency of English, have made Creole closer to Cajun French."

"Firsthand witnesses, including Bentley, claimed that St. Landry’s Black residents were neither armed nor possessed violent intent toward St. Landry’s whites."

"Blacks were indeed arrested during the massacre, and, according to the stories of several witnesses, murdered later that evening."

"un groupe de gens de couleur libres louisianais ( Créoles de Louisiane ), peu nombreux au début du XIX e siècle (estimé à 1 566 en 1805), mais relativement puissant, jouissait de privilèges, en comparaison de ses homologues du reste du continent nord-américain"

"Primarily associated with Black Creoles of rural Acadiana, la-la was also simply called Creole music, French music, and sometimes house music for the time before concert venues, when house parties hosted la-la musicians."

"As an identity marker, Creole has been associated with Louisiana since the early decades of French, and later Spanish, colonial settlement, when it began popping up in sacramental records of individuals born in the state: white, Black, and mixed-race."

"Cependant, peu à peu, les nouvelles autorités américaines (en « Grande-Louisiane » à partir de 1803) tentèrent d’imposer l’ordre biracial en usage dans le reste de"

"He played house parties across the region, making a name for himself, before recording thirty-four sides between 1929 and 1934, many with Cajun fiddler Dennis McGee. Their interracial collaboration was extraordinarily rare in the Jim Crow South."

"In the early 20th century, throughout Acadiana and East Texas, Black Creole culture produced the musical genre known as zydeco"

"En 1786 , Esteban Rodríguez Miró , gouverneur de la Louisiane alors sous souveraineté espagnole, édicte une loi somptuaire , appelée « loi Tignon »."

"Le but est à la fois d'empêcher les femmes noires et métisses d’attirer les hommes blancs, et également de servir d’indicateur social pour marquer leur différence et leur infériorité par rapport aux femmes blanches."

"peu nombreux (estimé à 1 566 en 1805 [ 8 ] ), mais relativement puissant et jouissant de privilèges, en comparaison de ses homologues du reste du continent nord-américain sous domination anglaise [ 9 ] ."