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Has the US recently added or lifted sanctions on eastern Congo fighters?

Research question: What sanctions has the US imposed on armed-group figures or officials linked to eastern Congo's fighting, what do those sanctions restrict, and have any been lifted or added recently?

The US has imposed sanctions on various figures and entities, including the Rwanda Defence Force, M23-linked commander Joseph Kabange Kabila, FDLR commander Gustave Kubwayo, and the Gasabo Gold Refinery network, for supporting armed groups or smuggling conflict minerals in eastern Congo 101961. These sanctions, imposed under Executive Order 13413, require the blocking of all property and interests in property of designated persons located in the US or controlled by US persons 112. Recent actions include new designations on June 25, 2026, and the removal of certain designations on September 23, 2026, indicating both additions and lifts to the sanctions regime 1817.

Checked 2026-10-14. Only documented and supported facts are used.
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[1] documented
The US sanctioned Gasabo Gold Refinery LTD and its chairman Jean Malic Kalima, along with three other Rwandan mining companies, for smuggling conflict minerals to support the M23 armed group.
"The two individuals and four entities sanctioned in this action include Gasabo Gold Refinery LTD and its chairman Jean Malic Kalima, along with three other Rwandan mining companies."
United States Sanctions Networks Fueling Conflict and Mineral Theft in ...
[2] documented
The sanctions were imposed pursuant to Executive Order 13413, as amended.
"Today’s action is being taken pursuant to the authorities under Executive Order (E.O.) 13413, as amended."
United States Sanctions Networks Fueling Conflict and Mineral Theft in ...
[3] supported
The sanctioned networks exploit DRC mineral resources to fund weapons, pay fighters, and sustain the M23 insurgency.
"M23 and its backers exploit the DRC’s vast mineral resources — wealth that rightfully belongs to the Congolese people — to fund weapons, pay fighters, and sustain a destabilizing insurgency that has triggered a severe humanitarian crisis."
United States Sanctions Networks Fueling Conflict and Mineral Theft in ...
[4] documented
The US had previously imposed sanctions on conflict mineral traffickers in August 2025.
"These designations are the latest in a series of U.S. actions, including sanctions on conflict mineral traffickers in August 2025 , that demonstrate the United States will impose consequences on those who profit from eastern DRC’s suffering."
United States Sanctions Networks Fueling Conflict and Mineral Theft in ...
[5] documented
The sanctions action supports the implementation of the Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity, an agreement brokered by President Trump between the DRC and Rwanda.
"Today’s action directly supports implementation of the Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity, the historic agreement President Trump brokered between the DRC and Rwanda."
United States Sanctions Networks Fueling Conflict and Mineral Theft in ...
[6] documented
The United States sanctioned Gustave Kubwayo, identified as the commander of an FDLR intelligence and special operations unit.
"We are designating Gustave Kubwayo, commander of an FDLR intelligence and special operations unit."
United States Sanctions Armed Group Leaders in Eastern Democratic ...
[7] documented
The sanctions were imposed pursuant to Executive Order 13413, as amended.
"Today’s action is being taken pursuant to the authorities under Executive Order (E.O.) 13413, as amended."
United States Sanctions Armed Group Leaders in Eastern Democratic ...
[8] documented
The FDLR has been accused of carrying out ethnic violence, using child soldiers, committing sexual violence, and launching cross-border attacks threatening Rwanda’s security.
"The FDLR has carried out ethnic violence against civilians, used child soldiers, committed sexual violence, and launched cross-border attacks that continue to threaten Rwanda’s security."
United States Sanctions Armed Group Leaders in Eastern Democratic ...
[9] documented
The Trump Administration stated it is committed to ensuring parties uphold commitments under the Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity and the Doha Framework.
"The Trump Administration is firmly committed to ensuring all parties uphold their commitments under the historic Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity and Doha Framework and will continue using all available tools to advance lasting stability in the region."
United States Sanctions Armed Group Leaders in Eastern Democratic ...
[10] documented
The US Treasury sanctioned the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) on March 2, 2026, for actively supporting, training, and fighting alongside the M23 armed group in eastern DRC.
"OFAC sanctioned the RDF on March 2, 2026 for actively supporting, training, and fighting alongside M23, including supporting M23 as it seized these critical regions in eastern DRC."
Treasury Sanctions Rwandan Gold Refinery and Network Enabling Illicit ...
[11] documented
Sanctions require that all property and interests in property of designated persons located in the US or controlled by US persons are blocked and must be reported to OFAC.
"As a result of today’s action, all property and interests in property of the designated or blocked person described above that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons are blocked and must be reported to OFAC."
Treasury Sanctions Rwandan Gold Refinery and Network Enabling Illicit ...
[12] documented
Entities owned 50 percent or more by one or more blocked persons are also subject to blocking under US sanctions regulations.
"In addition, any entities that are owned, directly or indirectly, individually or in the aggregate, 50 percent or more by one or more blocked persons are also blocked."
Treasury Sanctions Rwandan Gold Refinery and Network Enabling Illicit ...
[13] documented
The US Treasury imposed sanctions on a network including Gasabo Gold Refinery LTD for enabling the illicit smuggling of minerals from eastern DRC to Rwanda in coordination with M23.
"Today, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) imposed sanctions on a network working in coordination with the Rwandan-backed March 23 Movement (M23) to illegally smuggle minerals from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to Rwanda."
Treasury Sanctions Rwandan Gold Refinery and Network Enabling Illicit ...
[14] documented
The US Treasury has taken multiple actions targeting actors in the eastern DRC conflict since the Washington Accords, including designations on March 2, 2026, April 30, 2026, and June 2, 2026.
"Treasury has taken several actions targeting actors driving the conflict in eastern DRC since Rwanda and the DRC signed the Washington Accords, including on March 2, 2026 , April 30, 2026 , and most recently on June 2, 2026 ."
Treasury Sanctions Rwandan Gold Refinery and Network Enabling Illicit ...
[15] documented
The US implemented sanctions against persons contributing to the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo via Executive Order 13413, which took effect on October 30, 2006.
"13413 - Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Effective Date - October 30, 2006)"
Democratic Republic of the Congo-Related Sanctions
[16] documented
Executive Order 13671, issued on July 8, 2014, took additional steps to address the national emergency regarding the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
"13671 - Taking Additional Steps to Address the National Emergency With Respect to the Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (July 08, 2014)"
Democratic Republic of the Congo-Related Sanctions
[17] documented
Recent actions regarding DRC-related sanctions include the removal of designations on September 23, 2026.
"Democratic Republic of the Congo-related Designations Removals Release Date: Sep 23, 2026"
Democratic Republic of the Congo-Related Sanctions
[18] documented
New designations and an amended Russia-related general license were issued on June 25, 2026, in relation to DRC sanctions.
"Democratic Republic of the Congo-related Designations; Issuance of Amended Russia-related General License and Frequently Asked Questions Release Date: Jun 25, 2026"
Democratic Republic of the Congo-Related Sanctions
[19] documented
The designation links Joseph Kabange Kabila to the M23 armed group and the Congo River Alliance.
"KABILA, Joseph Kabange, Goma, Congo, Democratic Republic of the; DOB 04 Jun 1971; POB South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo; nationality Congo, Democratic Republic of the; Gender Male; Former President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (individual) [DRCONGO] (Linked To: M23; Linked To: CONGO RIVER ALLIANCE)."
Democratic Republic of the Congo-related Designation
[20] documented
The United States sanctioned drivers of violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on February 20, 2025.
"February 20, 2025 Sanctioning Drivers of Violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo"
Democratic Republic of the Congo Sanctions
[21] documented
Executive Order 13671, issued on July 8, 2014, took additional steps to address the national emergency regarding the conflict in the DRC.
"July 8, 2014 EO 13671; Taking Additional Steps to Address the National Emergency With Respect to the Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo"
Democratic Republic of the Congo Sanctions
[22] documented
Executive Order 13413, issued on October 31, 2006, blocked the property of certain persons contributing to the conflict in the DRC.
"October 31, 2006 EO 13413; Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo"
Democratic Republic of the Congo Sanctions