What have China, Qatar, the African Union and UN done for Congo's peace?

"En novembre 2023 , la république démocratique du Congo (RDC) signe des accords pour le retrait complet de la force de maintien de la paix des Nations unies de la MONUSCO"

"L’Afrique du Sud retire ses 700 soldats de la mission de paix de l’ONU en RDC pour raison budgétaire"

"Le Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU renouvelle pour un an le mandat de sa force de maintien de la paix en RDC"

"Findings reveal that the approach of integrating ex-combatants into government structures and the military ranks – often without adequate vetting has reinforced a flawed model of conflict resolution, where armed violence becomes a viable pathway to political power."

"Key peace efforts examined in this paper, which served as foundations for peace processes in the DRC include the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement, the Global and All-Inclusive Accord (Sun City), United Nations peacekeeping missions, and successive disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ( DDR ) programs."

"From 17 to 21 August, representatives from the Congolese government and the M23 met in Switzerland under the Doha Peace Process, a mediation initiative spearheaded by Qatar."

"authorities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo released 15 detainees and handed them over to the Congo River Alliance/March 23 Movement (AFC/M23) under the mechanism for the release of detainees signed in Doha last September as part of the Doha Peace Process."

"So far, the parties have signed two of the eight protocols outlined in the Doha Framework: the Ceasefire Oversight and Verification Mechanism (COVM) and the Mechanism for the Liberation of Detainees."

"The regional organisations that are operating under the Track 1 level of actors includes the African Union (AU) and its sub regional arrangements such as the East African Community"

"The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) transported the detainees and handed them over to the alliance."

"This mission was conducted with support from the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) ahead of the mechanism’s first ceasefire verification mission in the town, which commenced on 24 August."

"With persistent conflict in the DRC, the mission has evolved with a mandate to protect civilians, humanitarian personnel, and human rights defenders under imminent threat of physical violence, and to support the DRC government in stabilisation and peace‑consolidation efforts."

"The Eastern Congo recurring conflict has been and continues to be on the agenda of AU Heads of State Summits and the Peace and Security meetings"

"Qatar continues to work with the parties concerned in close coordination with the United States and Togo, in its capacity as the African Union mediator, to strengthen and support the African-led process under the African Union."

"Since the start of the new year, the African-led mediation effort has once again become more active and apparently developed a political roadmap outlining core objectives and key priorities in support of finding a negotiated solution to the crisis in eastern DRC."

"South Africa ranks amongst the top ten troop‑contributing countries to MONUSCO, with a force presence of over seven hundred soldiers deployed in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)"

"The joint bilateral political and military cooperation between Kinshasa and the respective neighbouring countries achieve less of what was expected with regards to facilitating the attainment of sustainable peace and security in the Eastern DRC and beyond."

"the completion of steps to operationalize the ceasefire monitoring and verification mechanism, alongside continued cooperation with the ICRC on the detainee exchange mechanism and the completion of negotiations on the remaining protocols under the Doha framework."

"However, China and Russia maintained that any potential deployment in South Kivu would require prior authorisation by the Security Council."

"The South African government will continue to maintain close bilateral relations with the government of the DRC, as well as provide ongoing support to other multilateral efforts by the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the United Nations (UN) aimed at bringing lasting peace to the Democratic Republic of Congo."

"The DDR programme has been an elusive peace process"

"the State of Qatar participated on Jul. 26 in a coordination and planning meeting of the High-Level Facilitators and the Independent Joint Secretariat to prepare an implementation action plan for the peace process in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo."

"South Africa will work jointly with the UN to finalise the timelines and other modalities of the withdrawal, which will be completed before the end of 2026."

"Despite various mediation efforts and having one of the largest United Nations/African Union peacekeeping forces in the world, the carnage continues to claim more victims."

"The Doha track produced a framework signed on 15 November 2025 by the Congolese government and the AFC/M23 under Qatari mediation."

"The AU runs a Panel of Facilitators and supplies Togo as mediator in the security talks."

"The UN Security Council renewed the MONUSCO mission on 19 December 2025 until 20 December 2026, in Resolution 2808. It keeps the ceiling at 11,500 military personnel and backs the Doha ceasefire agreement."

"The Washington track began with a peace agreement signed on 27 June 2025. Presidents Tshisekedi and Paul Kagame of Rwanda then signed the Washington Accords on 4 December 2025, at a ceremony hosted by US President Donald Trump."