Two Brothers, One Blessing, and a Very Long Story

"Esau’s question to Jacob in 33:8 about the gifts which were sent to him"

"Ἐξελοῦ με ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ μου, ἐκ χειρὸς Ἡσαῦ· ὅτι φοβοῦμαι ἐγὼ αὐτὸν, μή ποτε ἐλθὼν πατάξῃ με, καὶ μητέρα ἐπὶ τέκνοις."

"Λάβε τὰς εὐλογίας μου, ἃς ἤνεγκά σοι, ὅτι ἠλέησέ με ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ ἔστι μοι πάντα· καὶ ἐβιάσατο αὐτὸν, καὶ ἔλαβε."

"examines key passages such as Esau’s reconciliation with Jacob in Genesis 33 and the genealogical establishment of Edom in Genesis 36."

"Gunkel, for example, suggests this is simply flattery, while Petersen argues that"

"ἐν γὰρ τῇ ῥάβδῳ μου ταύτῃ διέβην τὸν Ἰορδάνην τοῦτον· νυνὶ δὲ γέγονα εἰς δύο παρεμβολάς."

"Esau should not be reduced to a lesser figure, but rather should be recognized as a model of leadership that values forgiveness, healing, and the courage to move beyond past."

"Then Jacob rose up, and set his sons and his wives upon the camels"

"Then Jacob rose up, and set his sons and his wives upon camels"

"יעקב, בני לאה ובניהם ודינה בכלל - 33 , בני זלפה - 16 , בני רחל - 14 , בני בלהה - 7 , הרי זה סך 70 נפש."

"and he carried away all his cattle, and all his substance which he had gathered, the cattle of his getting, which he had gathered in Paddan-aram, to go to Isaac his father unto the land of Canaan."

"And he carried away all his cattle, and all his goods which he had gotten, the cattle of his getting, which he had gotten in Padan-aram"

"ונקט כאן הכתוב מספר ממועט "ששים ושש", להבדיל בין הבאים ביחד באותה השעה ובין אלה שכבר ישבו במצרים - יוסף ושני בניו."

"For all the riches which God hath taken away from our father, that is ours and our children's."

"for to go to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan"

"וכיון שהכתוב מונה את יוצאי ירך יעקב, יצא יעקב מן המנין."

"Now arise, get thee out from this land, and return unto the land of thy nativity."

"muss fliehen vor dem Zorn des Bruders, den er um sein Erbe gebracht hat;"

"you really are my son Esau or not."

"Isaac's tendency to favor Esau because he likes the food Esau prepares for him implies"

"Nor is the meal of domestic sheep a credible proxy for goat's meat."

"The events in these chapters lead to Jacob fleeing for his life"

"Then Jacob was greatly afraid and was distressed."

"crisis presses in, and fear is real (C/C′); every stratagem is exhausted, yet no assurance follows (D/D′)"

"Genesis 33 presented a dire situation, a fraternal encounter that might have eventuated in fratricide."

"for I fear him, lest he come and smite me, the mother with the children."

"Jacob comes before his brother, bowing to Esau instead of being bowed to, referring to Esau as his lord, and offering gifts and perhaps even a blessing to his brother."

"And he divided the people that was with him, and the flocks, and the herds, and the camels, into two camps."

"overpower Esau economically"

"If Esau come to the one camp, and smite it, then the camp which is left shall escape."

"That potential calamity was averted by Jacob's use of the strategy of gift giving and his ability to conduct verbal warfare."

"And I have oxen, and asses and flocks, and men-servants and maid-servants; and I have sent to tell my lord, that I may find favour in thy sight."

"he touched the hollow of his thigh; and the hollow of Jacob’s thigh was strained, as he wrestled with him."

"Both stories share elements of what on the surface appear to be violent and fearful encounters with the divine."

"and he limped upon his thigh."

"The turning point in Jacob's life is his encounter with the "angel of God" at Peniel, which leaves him lame physically but "straightened out" in his relationship with God, thus, enabling him to take on the role of the father of the nation of Israel."

"the mysterious ‘touch’ that dislocates Jacob’s hip"

"And he said unto him: ‘What is thy name?’ And he said: ‘Jacob.’"

"Jacob may have limped as a result of his wrestling match, but he gained several benefits from it which lasted into later generations."

"And Jacob asked him, and said: ‘Tell me, I pray thee, thy name.’ And he said: ‘Wherefore is it that thou dost ask after my name?’ And he blessed him there."

"there is considerable discussion on who “the man” is—a river god, a demon, El or God Himself."

"the identification of ‘man’ must be God and Jacob realising and acting on the implication."

"וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥ עִמּ֖וֹ יָמִ֣ים אֲחָדִ֑ים עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־תָּשׁ֖וּב חֲמַ֥ת אָחִֽיךָ׃"

"עַד־שׁ֨וּב אַף־אָחִ֜יךָ מִמְּךָ֗ וְשָׁכַח֙ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֖י וּלְקַחְתִּ֣יךָ מִשָּׁ֑ם"

"לָמָ֥ה אֶשְׁכַּ֛ל גַּם־שְׁנֵיכֶ֖ם י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃"

"When Joseph was born, who was the opponent of Esau, Jacob no longer feared Esau and wanted to return home."

"Jacob and Esau argued in their mother’s body."

"مَسَّنَا وَأَهْلَنَا ٱلضُّرُّ"

"When Rebecca walked past the door of a house of study , Jacob wanted to get out."

"The first one came out red and was full of hair and they called him, Esau, because he was hairy."

"هَلْ عَلِمْتُم مَّا فَعَلْتُم بِيُوسُفَ وَأَخِيهِ إِذْ أَنتُمْ جَٰهِلُونَ"

"They called him Jacob, because he grabbed the heel."

"وَأْتُونِى بِأَهْلِكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ"

"19 Rashi, Genesis, 25:26."

"וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל וְאוּלָ֛ם ל֥וּז שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר לָרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃"

"τὸν δὲ Ἠσαῦ ἐμίσησα, καὶ ἔταξα τὰ ὅρια αὐτοῦ εἰς ἀφανισμὸν, καὶ τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ εἰς δώματα ἐρήμου"

"Chapter 4 begins the critique of the key ideas and assumptions that underpin 'Edomite' archaeology by demonstrating that the individual historical sources used as evidence when discussing the 'Edomites' are not simply sources of factual information about the Iron Age."

"Τάδε λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τῇ Ἰδουμαίᾳ, ἀκοὴν ἤκουσα παρὰ Κυρίου, καὶ περιοχὴν εἰς τὰ ἔθνη ἐξαπέστειλεν· ἀνάστητε, καὶ ἐξαναστῶμεν ἐπʼ αὐτὴν εἰς πόλεμον."

"Ὅτι ἐγὼ κατέσυρα τὸν Ἡσαῦ, ἀνεκάλυψα τὰ κρυπτὰ αὐτῶν, κρυβῆναι οὐ μὴ δύνωνται, ὤλοντο διὰ χεῖρα ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, γείτονός μου"

"Διότι ἐρεῖ, ἡ Ἰδουμαία κατέστραπται, καὶ ἐπιστρέψωμεν, καὶ ἀνοικοδομήσωμεν τὰς ἐρήμους·"

"Chapter 6 completes the critique of the central ideas that form the basis of 'Edomite' archaeology by discussing the central tenets of archaeological theory concerning the relationship between material culture and identity that are required to support this idea."

"ἀπολῶ σοφους ἐκ τῆς Ἰδουμαίας, καὶ σύνεσιν ἐξ ὄρους Ἡσαῦ."

"ΤΗ ἸΔΟΥΜΑΙΑ, τάδε λέγει Κύριος"

"καὶ ἐπικληθήσεται αὐτοῖς ὅρια ἀνομίας, καὶ λαὸς ἐφʼ ὃν παρατέτακται Κύριος ἕως αἰῶνος."

"Καὶ πτοηθήσονται οἱ μαχηταί σου οἱ ἐκ Θαιμὰν, ὅπως ἐξαρθῇ ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὄρους Ἡσαῦ."

"New Insights into the Iron Age Archaeology of Edom, Southern Jordan"

"οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι σοφία ἐν Θαιμὰν, ἀπώλετο βουλὴ ἐκ συνετῶν, ᾤχετο σοφία αὐτῶν, ἠπατήθη ὁ τόπος αὐτῶν"

"Διὰ τὴν σφαγὴν, καὶ τὴν ἀσέβειαν ἀδελφοῦ σου Ἰακὼβ, καλύψει σε αἰσχύνη, καὶ ἐξαρθήσῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα."

"Πῶς ἐξηρευνήθη Ἡσαῦ, καὶ κατελήφθη τὰ κεκρυμμένα αὐτοῦ;"

"βαθύνατε εἰς κάθισιν οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν Δαιδὰμ"

"In the Roman period, Edom and Esau come to represent Rome."

"The name "Edom" is used by the Talmudists for the Roman empire, and they applied to Rome every passage of the Bible referring to Edom or to Esau."

"While many factors led to this identification, one major factor was the position of Herod, who was appointed by Rome as the king of Judea, and who was from a family of Edomite/Idumean converts to Judaism."

"its portion among the nations is Esau [Rome], the people that inherited the sword and the wars"

"In Leviticus Rabbah (xiii.) Rome, under the name of "Edom," is compared to a boar"

"With Christianity becoming the state religion of the Roman Empire, Edom/Esau = Rome becomes Edom/Esau = Christianity/the Church."

"for thus he [i.e., Esau] and his nation were called sa’ir ."

"In Midrash Tanḥuma Bereshit, Hadrian is called "the King of Edom.""

"the symbolic name "Seir" was used by the poets of the Middle Ages not only for Rome (comp. Ecclus. 1. 26, Hebr.), but also for Christianity"

"Nach einer Übersicht über die Substitutionstheorie in Geschichte und Gegenwart wird die bleibende Erwählung Israels nach Röm 9-11 exegetisch begründet."