Acadian, African, Native, Spanish, Creole: What the Records Show About Acadiana's Roots

"Around 3,500 more Acadians were deported on ships directly to France, and several hundred perished during the crossing."

"Over the course of the war, hundreds of homes and farmsteads were torched by the British and American militiamen. This was done for two main reasons : to encourage the Acadians to agree to deportation and to deprive any of the remaining Acadian refugees of shelter and food."

"but in 1758 British forces once again occupied the island. They deported the residents again and brought the French colony to its end."

"These were extracted personally by Robichaux in 1978 from parish registers in the Departments of Ille-et-Vilaine and Cotes-du-Nord."

"Les principales familles pionnières portent les noms de Leblanc, Granger, Trahan, Terriot et Daigre."

"Ils quittent la France le 8 septembre 1763 , avec à bord six familles, dont deux acadiennes [ note 2 ] , et vingt célibataires acadiens, en plus du bétail."

"La recherche historique n'est pas terminée dans les différents dépôts d'archives en France, au Canada, en Grande-Bretagne, en Irlande mais aussi aux États-Unis et aussi en Espagne, aux Antilles et dans les archives du Vatican."

"Only after 1785 was a sizeable community established in Louisiana."

"A census taken at Sinnamary, French Guiana on 1 March 1765 revealed that survivors at that place included 26 who had been previously uprooted from Ile St.-Jean."

"The Iracoubo area became a refuge for surviving Acadian families following the disastrous 1764 Kourou colonisation campaign."

"Some of the deportees from Ile St.-Jean who landed at Boulogne in late 1758 left there for French Guiana in November 1764, aboard Les Deux Frères under the command of Captain Du Hamel."

"Among the remaining 1,000 survivors were roughly 400 Acadians."

"Fewer than 1000 of these emigrants were Acadians and they appear to have fared better than the overall numbers might suggest."

"In 1765, about forty of these Acadian peasant and fishing families established communities along the coast, including in Iracoubo."

"The seven embarkation lists of 29 April 1785 through 22 September 1785 identify the Acadians who boarded vessels in France for Louisiana."

"Entre 1763 et 1778 , les îles Saint-Pierre et Miquelon deviennent un lieu de refuge pour les déportés acadiens de Nouvelle-Écosse ."

"Their numbers were quickly reduced when 2 of the ships (Violet, Duke William) sank en route."

"Deportation of the Acadians of Ile-Saint-Jean to France."

"The Richmond with 284 Acadian prisoners and the Britannia with 312 Acadian"

"From Halifax, in December 1758, the British sent the Cap-Sable Acadians to Le Havre, France, with Acadians they were deporting from the Maritime islands."

"dont le grand-père Louis Pelletier de la Houssaye avait commandé la région de l' Attakapas"

"Installés d'abord à Saint-Martinville , jusqu'en 1841, ils s’établirent ensuite à Franklin."

"U.S. Federal Population Schedules: 1830 , 1840 , 1850 , 1860"

"Shortly afterwa.rd we left for the country of the Attakapas, where lands had been granted to us by the government."

"There the different Acadian familes separated, each to settle on the land granted to them. These families were the LeBlanIe, Martin, Brouseard, Guil Guilbeaux - beaux Guilbeaux Bernard, Arceneaux, Babin, Breaux, Robicbesux, Bebert and Dugas."

"In April 1765, Beausoleil was appointed militia captain and commander of the Acadians in the Attackapas region."

"mort en Louisiane en 1765 )"

"Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources"

"Oral histories, photographs, and recordings (especially of Louisiana Creole persons and events)"

"Note: This is a NON-LENDING library; materials are for use on-site only (unless otherwise noted)."

"Les Acadiens, les Anglo-Normands, les Créoles louisianais, les anciens esclaves francisés, les Cadiens, les Métis, les Français, les Wallons, les Suisses romands contribuaient tous à sa diversité. Certaines zones, au premier chef la Louisiane et la Prairie canadienne, devinrent de véritables creusets où les interactions entre groupes francophones se faisaient tour à tour et parfois simultanément, "

"C’était un territoire modulé par le commerce des fourrures et d’autres produits ainsi que par les interactions entre Amérindiens et Blancs, au premier chef des Canadiens français et des Français qui étaient souvent des semi-nomades parcourant de grandes distances."

"Les Canadiens français y reproduisirent, en les adaptant, les traditions culturelles de la vallée du Saint-Laurent : longues bandes de terres donnant sur un cours d’eau, maisons de style normand, folklore riche qui plongeait ses racines dans la France"

"These were French colonists forcibly removed by the British from their homes in the Acadia region of present-day Eastern Canada in the mid-18th century."

"to all those French people who are descendants of the people who migrated here around 1755"

"Through dancing, music, food and more- we celebrate the happy union between Cajun and Latino heritage."

"In Louisiana, the foreign-born share of the population was 5.2% in 2024, lower than the US overall at 14.8%, and up from 4.2% in the state since 2014."

"The number of foreign-born residents in Louisiana grew from 194,000 in 2014 to 239,000 in 2024."

"The highest and lowest among the metro areas in or connected to Louisiana were: the New Orleans, LA area at 9.8% foreign-born (highest) and the Monroe, LA area at 2% foreign-born (lowest)."

"Now resettled around the Gulf Coast, many Vietnamese men and women found jobs in seafood processing and packing plants or as crewmen aboard fishing vessels."

"On April 25, 1766, after the arrival of the first Acadians, the census showed a population of 409 inhabitants for the Attakapas region."

"In 1767, the Attakapas Post had 150 inhabitants before the arrival of the 15 families from Pointe Coupee."

"Attakapas- 50 households with 137 individuals (compared to 58 families with 231"

"The Spanish actually took possession in 1766."

"the Grigras, who seem to have received that name from the French, because when talking with one another they often pronounce those two syllables, which makes them be remarked as strangers among the Natchez"

"who, as well as the Chicasaws, and all the nations"

"En 1721, le Français Jean Bérenger recueille 35 mots du dialecte akokisa de prisonniers capturés près de Galveston Bay."

"En dehors du vocabulaire de Martin Duralde de 1802, fait à Franklin, dans l'actuelle Louisiane, l'étude du chitimacha débute réellement avec Gatschet"

"Le dialecte oriental est connu par le vocabulaire de Martin Duralde de 1802, fait à Franklin, dans l'actuelle Louisiane."

"Gatschet qui recueille des matériaux en 1881-1882 et les publie."

"En 1907 et 1908, John R. Swanton lui succède sur le terrain."

"In 1907, John R. Swanton interviewed an elderly Houma woman to collect vocabulary from the Houma language."

"Based on a list gathered by Swanton of seventy-five words and three sentences, linguists have concluded that the Houma spoke a Western Muskogean language (akin to Choctaw or Chickasaw )."

"forts have been made to collect vocabulary and grammar from elders to revitalize the language."

"By 1907, the congregation numbered over 100, with Jacob Frankel serving as congregation president."

"la région était occupée par différentes tribus du peuple amérindien des Atakapas"

"Opelousas est la troisième plus grande ville de la région francophone de l' Acadiana , laquelle est peuplée de plus d'un demi-million d'habitants dont une majorité de Cadiens et de Créoles ."

"However, none have been able to confidently distinguish these"

"l'installation de nombreux colons français et l'arrivée de ses premiers esclaves noirs africains"

"arrivèrent de nombreux Acadiens chassés de l' Acadie"

"which is broadly consistent with recent westward expansion"

"vinrent à leur tour les réfugiés français de Saint-Domingue en Amérique"

"The practice of Catholicism extended across racial boundaries in colonial Louisiana, and interracial worship continued to characterize the religious experience of Catholics throughout the antebellum period. French and Spanish missionaries baptized natives, settlers, and slaves, and the Catholic Church required Catholic planters to baptize and catechize their slaves."

"Most slaveholders outside New Orleans, however, were lax in the religious education of slaves. Work holidays did not always correspond to religious holy days, and the number of slave baptisms and confirmations on Catholic plantations often depended on the willingness of the local priest, or the slaves themselves, to attend the parish church."

"The lack of suitable French women resulted in mixed marriages and an increasing mulatto population. Mulatto people were called free people of colour who established their own culture."

"In the river parishes outside New Orleans, free women of color demonstrated their piety and their financial resources by engaging in economic exchanges with local churches."

"They found a new home in Louisiana and they were given the land by new Spanish rulers."

"un groupe de gens de couleur libres louisianais ( Créoles de Louisiane ), peu nombreux au début du XIX e siècle (estimé à 1 566 en 1805), mais relativement puissant, jouissait de privilèges, en comparaison de ses homologues du reste du continent nord-américain"

"Primarily associated with Black Creoles of rural Acadiana, la-la was also simply called Creole music, French music, and sometimes house music for the time before concert venues, when house parties hosted la-la musicians."

"As an identity marker, Creole has been associated with Louisiana since the early decades of French, and later Spanish, colonial settlement, when it began popping up in sacramental records of individuals born in the state: white, Black, and mixed-race."

"Cependant, peu à peu, les nouvelles autorités américaines (en « Grande-Louisiane » à partir de 1803) tentèrent d’imposer l’ordre biracial en usage dans le reste de"

"He played house parties across the region, making a name for himself, before recording thirty-four sides between 1929 and 1934, many with Cajun fiddler Dennis McGee. Their interracial collaboration was extraordinarily rare in the Jim Crow South."

"In the early 20th century, throughout Acadiana and East Texas, Black Creole culture produced the musical genre known as zydeco"

"En 1786 , Esteban Rodríguez Miró , gouverneur de la Louisiane alors sous souveraineté espagnole, édicte une loi somptuaire , appelée « loi Tignon »."

"Le but est à la fois d'empêcher les femmes noires et métisses d’attirer les hommes blancs, et également de servir d’indicateur social pour marquer leur différence et leur infériorité par rapport aux femmes blanches."

"peu nombreux (estimé à 1 566 en 1805 [ 8 ] ), mais relativement puissant et jouissant de privilèges, en comparaison de ses homologues du reste du continent nord-américain sous domination anglaise [ 9 ] ."

""Census records acquired from the Papeles Procedentes de Cuba deposited in the General Archives de Indies in Seville, Spain.""

"he came to believe that many thousands of his countrymen settled on Louisiana soil, when only hundreds did"

""This is a compilation of the twenty-eight earliest census records of Louisiana...These particular census records cover, at one period or another, Fort Maurepas, Biloxi, Mobile, Natchez, New Orleans, and other locations."

"The census does list Cajun but not Creole as an example of an ethnic group in its online explanation of the race question."