Early Visitors and Hidden Clues: What Scientists Have Found So Far

"Maybe even more surprising is that these groups had to cross up to 100 km of water to get to their new settlements—providing evidence of early seafaring ."

"In Southeast Asia, the oldest fossils are from the cave of Tam Pa Ling in Laos, and date to ~ 65-45 ka.29"

"This Perspective reviews the current evidence for a scenario where the MIS-5 dispersal encompassed a much greater geographic distribution and temporal duration."

"Their results point to two distinct migration routes: one moving southward from the Indonesian islands into present-day Australia and another traveling through the northern corridor, most likely through the Philippines, toward New Guinea."

"modeling of exposed MIS4 island chains suggests that the likely arrival points were the Bird's Head peninsula of West New Guinea and the northwest Sahul shelf."

"In Australia archaeological data indicates the presence of Homo sapiens by ~50 ka, with the earliest secure fossil evidence dating to ~45 ka."

"These two groups were part of a larger population that migrated out of Africa some 70,000 to 80,000 years ago."

"the preferred method in this study resulted in time ranges that coincide with the long chronology."

"Cumulatively these data demonstrate that Homo sapiens were in Southwest Asia by ~120 ka and Southeast Asia by ~50 ka."

"Genetic evidence suggests that these groups separated somewhere in South or Southeast Asia several thousand years before they moved further east."

"While the age of 50,000 years ago has been widely accepted since the 1990s, this latter estimate (of ca. 65,000 years ago) has, as of 2017, been questioned by some experts."

"The enhancement of the southern Asian fossil and archaeological records remain critical, alongside the application of more ancient DNA sequencing."

"Madjedbebe is the oldest known site showing the presence of humans in Australia."

"the new dataset supports a single major movement between 50,000 and 70,000 years ago."

"the initial radiocarbon dating suggested an age of 24,000 before present (BP)."

"date is based on one 6-day count in 5-L counter at 4 atm and supersedes earlier date of >38,200 for same sample"

"Ces datations furent d'abord considérées comme controversées par la communauté scientifique, car allant à l'encontre de la théorie du peuplement tardif"

"En 2017, une nouvelle datation réalisée sur 36 000 ossements retrouvés sur le site par Jacques Cinq-Mars indique aussi un âge de 24 000 ans"

"Earliest Human Presence in North America Dated to the Last Glacial Maximum: New Radiocarbon Dates from Bluefish Caves, Canada"

"Arguments for Pleistocene Artifacts from the Old Crow Basin, Yukon: A Preliminary Statement"

"GregHodginsandstaffattheNSFArizonaAMSLaboratory performedtheradiocarbondating."

"Disputed evidence of the oldest remains of human inhabitation in North America have been found in the Yukon."

"We applied Bayesian modeling using IntCal20 to our updated set of Folsom dates and estimate that the Folsom tradition lasted for a period spanning between 355–510 years at the 68 per cent credible interval"

""while it is premature to express an opinion as to the exact age of these beds on present evidence ... the writer is of the opinion that this will prove to be a late Pleistocene deposit""

"Presently the bison is classified as Bison antiquus."

"Radiocarbon dates presently available assign Folsom an age of about 10,300 years B.P. (Judge, in press)."

"the committee was formed in 1975 to investigate allegations of various wrongdoings in US intelligence agencies, above all plots to assassinate foreign leaders."

"Its final report described massive efforts by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), CIA, National Security Agency (NSA) and other intelligence organizations to spy on, harass, disrupt and undermine US organizations and citizens because of their political views and lawful speech and activities."

"In its reporting on foreign activities, the Committee revealed assassination plots, election meddling and coup attempts, among other morally questionable and often flawed and counterproductive covert action"

"The investigation further revealed that assassination plots had flourished in an atmosphere of “plausible denial.”"

"‘Vol. 2: The Huston Plan.’"

"Seymour Hersh, “Huge CIA Operation Reported in U.S. against Anti-War Forces, Other Dissidents in Nixon Years,” The New York Times, December 22, 1974."

"‘Vol. 3: The Internal Revenue Service.’"

"‘Volume 1: Unauthorised Storage of Toxic Agents.’"

"The declassified documents, which the National Security Archive released between December 2024 and April 2025, are available through a special collection titled “ CIA and"

"These were released in classified form to the Rockefeller Commission and Church Committee investigators."

"Surveillance of dissident groups between 1967 and 1971 (see Project RESISTANCE , Project MERRIMAC and Operation CHAOS )"

"spied on over 7,000 US citizens and over 100 domestic organizations"

"the final report of the special Senate subcommittee headed by Sen. Frank Church, D-Idaho, to investigate CIA abuses concluded that the CHAOS project had amassed files on more than 7,000 American citizens and 1,000 domestic organizations."

"record the organizing, groups, and individuals with whom they came into contact"

"That information was disseminated in thousands of reports to the FBI and other agencies."

"racial agitators who might travel abroad"

"Ober directed Operation CHAOS, a highly secretive covert operation to spy on racial, anti-war and other protest groups inside the United States."

"The minutes of the August 10 meeting contain no reference to assassination."

"Thomas Parrott, who authored the August 10 Minutes, testified that he did not recall a discussion of assassination at that meeting, but that the fact that the minutes reflect no such discussion does not necessarily indicate that the matter had not come up."

"were not intended to be a verbatim transcript of everything that was said"

"Goverrunenr Mind Control Records ofMKULTRA & Bluebird/Artichoke (http://www.wanttoknow.inI"o/mindconu-olI0pg#ciadocs/)"

"Jn 1973, CIA Director Richard Helms ordered oil MK-ULTRA files d~uoyl:d."

"Thank you for your note of 11 July 1978 on behalf of your constituent, Mrs. John J. Greenler, who requested "a copy of the CIA report on drug experiments in the 1950's.""

"a compilation of more than 20,000 pages declassified by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)."

"revealed that the CIA had found a set ofrecords. consisting ofabout 20,000 pagcs,[35) that had survived the I973 destruction orders"

"Certain kinds of radio ftequ^uy energy have been found to effect reversible neurological changes i n c himpanzees. Follow*up studies are underway."

"In I977. thousands of pages of related material about the program ttu'ned up in budget records and, when released under the Freedom of Information Act. became the basis for an expose book by fonrter State Department ofiicer John Marks"

"But roughly 20,000 pages survived because they had been incorrectly stored in a financial records building and were only discovered through a Freedom of Information Act request in 1977 ."

"In addition to original records, the CIA has deposited collections of copies of selected documents relating to special topics in the National Archives."

"abuses when he was a member of the Rockefeller Commission that Gerald Ford established in 1975"

""Rockefeller Commission"— Rockefeller Commission report, Clearing the Air"

"The records of this operation, including the indexes, were destroyed in 1990 pursuant to a recommendation of the Commission on CIA Activities within the United States"

"With the exception of a few records contained in our database of “previously released records” and any records which might relate to specific foreign intelligence or counter-intelligence matters, no CHAOS records or indexes survived."

"Because the page counts on the enclosed printouts are not always accurate, please do not send payment in advance."

"The documents were previously only available to the public at the National Archives in Maryland. Approximately 930,000 documents, totaling more than 12 million pages, are now available in the CIA’s Electronic Reading Room on CIA’s website ."

"Since 1999, the CIA has regularly released its historical declassified records to the standalone CIA Records Search Tool (CREST) system that was only accessible in person at the National Archives Records Administration (NARA) in College Park, Maryland."

"Materials we consider especially sensitive--more for privacy than national security reasons--include 201 files, phone taps, mail intercepts, security files, photo surveillance, names of sources, watch lists, and MHCHAOS documentation."

"Transferring these HSCA records to the National Archives will protect their existing classification."

"Between 1967 and 1973, MINARET’s watch lists named 1,650 US citizens directly, including Martin Luther King Jr, Muhammad Ali, and, in a detail that later became relevant, Senator Frank Church himself."

"declassified the substantive identification of the principal watchlisted figures including King, Ali, Senator Church, Senator Baker, Tom Wicker, and Art Buchwald."

"The operation had a sister programme, Project MINARET, which used SHAMROCK’s raw intercepts to search for the communications of people on government watch lists."

"That wider number describes the government’s general intelligence files rather than MINARET’s own targeted list, and it is worth reading with that distinction in mind rather than treating the two figures as interchangeable."

"under which RCA Global, ITT World Communications, and Western Union International provided the agency with copies of all international telegrams entering and leaving the United States."

"Government shall engage in, or conspire to engage in, political assassination"

"No employee of the United States Government may engage in, or conspire to engage in, political assassination."

"Contained in this thirty-six page document were seventeen words prohibiting assassination: "No employee of the United States government shall engage in, or conspire to engage in, political assassination.""

"June 10, 1975, the assassination issue was cleverly dodged."

"While a number of the prohibitions on intelligence activities may be subject to other laws or exemptions, the prohibition on assassination is stated in a direct and concise manner:"

"The most prominent feature of this amendment is the removal of "political" as a modifier of assassination."

"Such a direct prohibition reflects the President Ford's stated concern over the control of "abuses and questionable activities" on the part of the intelligence community."

""No person employed by or acting on behalf of the United States Government shall engage, or conspire to engage, in assassination.""

"Parks, W. H. December 1989. “Memorandum of Law: Executive Order 12333 and-Assassinadon.”"

"a July 1989 memorandum by the Department of Justice’s Office of Legal Counsel advises that"

"FCC licenses, registrations, certifications, and filings associated with ROBERT HECKSHER , DEBTOR-IN-POSSESS."